After the temporary subsidence had ceased, elevation again set in, causing a readvance of the ice-sheets and glaciers. The limits fell short of those of the preceding maximum, and the climate was not so severe, but in its general character it resembled that of the preceding maximum, but was much stormier, and there were probably frequent blizzards of the Antarctic type, carrying drift-snow. The new ice-sheet carried more surface detritus than its predecessors, presumably because all the high ground was not covered, and it formed high terminal moraines. The close association of cold ice and irregular masses of bare sand and stones, strongly heated by the summer sun, set up a belt of powerful convection very favourable for the development of blizzards; possibly there was something in the nature of an ice-cliff down which the cold winds could blow with great strength. At any rate, man found the near neighbourhood of the ice unpleasant, and went, so that there are no contemporaneous human implements near the moraines. The limits of the Scandinavian ice-sheet ran from the Norwegian coast across Denmark from north to south, through North Germany and northern Russia, and included Finland. The ice probably did not extend far across the North Sea plain, and in the British Isles there was no ice-sheet, but the high mountains of Scotland, Ireland, Wales and Cumberland bore small local glaciers, which were long enough to reach the sea in the Scottish highlands. The Alps bore considerable glaciers, indicating a depression of the snow-line of about 3500 feet, corresponding to a temperature 11° F. lower than the present. After this ice-development had reached its maximum limits and remained there for perhaps a thousand years, retreat set in, and the Scandinavian ice once more withdrew from Germany and Denmark to the Baltic basin. But its edge was never far from the German coast, and occasionally readvanced across it, for numerous fossiliferous deposits are intercalated in boulder-clay. The fauna and flora, which are well known, point to an arctic climate. At its best the mean temperature of July rose to about 50° F., and there was a vegetation period of three or four months with an average temperature of about 40° F., but these relatively mild conditions lasted at most for a few decades or perhaps a century at a time, and the winters were severe throughout. The duration of the whole of this “Baltic Interstadial” was from one to two thousand years.