Anatomy, Comparative; Embryology, Human; Evolution; Human beings -- Origin
There is little to be said of the development of the lower
sense-organs. We have already considered (Chapter 2.24) the organ of
touch and temperature in the skin. I need only add that in the corium
of man and all the higher Vertebrates countless microscopic
sense-organs develop, but the precise relation of these to the
sensations of pressure or resistance, of warmth and cold, has not yet
been explained. Organs of this kind, in or on which sensory cutaneous
nerves terminate, are the "tactile corpuscles" (or the Pacinian
corpuscles) and end-bulbs. We find similar corpuscles in the organs of
the sexual sense, the male penis and the female clitoris; they are
processes of the skin, the development of which we will consider later
(together with the rest of the sexual parts, Chapter 2.29). The
evolution of the organ of taste, the tongue and palate, will also be
treated later, together with that of the alimentary canal to which
these parts belong (Chapter 2.27). I will only point out for the
present that the mucous coat of the tongue and palate, in which the
gustatory nerve ends, originates from a part of the outer skin. As we
have seen, the whole of the mouth-cavity is formed, not as a part of
the gut-tube proper, but as a pit-like fold in the outer skin (Chapter
1.13). Its mucous lining is therefore formed, not from the visceral,
but from the cutaneous layer, and the taste-cells at the surface of
the tongue and palate are not products of the gut-fibre layer, but of
the skin-sense layer.
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