[605] Friedländer, _loc. cit._ p. 351. [606] Plutarch, _Lycurgus and Numa compared_, 4, 2. [607] Friedländer, _loc. cit._ p. 356. [608] Suetonius, _Octavius_, lxiv. [609] Plutarch, _Numa Pompilius_, xvii. [610] Plautus, _Stichus_. [611] _L’Italie ancienne_, par MM. Duruy, Filon, etc. (_passim_). [612] Saint Augustine, _Confessions_, book ix. ch. ix. [613] R. Cubain, _Lois civiles de Rome_, p. 179. [614] Plutarch, _Cato of Utica_, xxxvi. lxviii. [615] Domenget, _Institutes de Gaius_, i. 64. [616] _Asinaria_, v. 70-72. [617] Seneca, _De matrim._--Saint Jerome, _Letters_, 54, 13, 79, 9. [618] Friedländer, _Mœurs_, etc., t. I^{er.} p. 360. [619] Plutarch, _On Herodotus_, xxi. [620] _Germania_, xviii. [621] Laboulaye, _Hist. de la succes. des femmes_. [622] _Summa Cardinalis Hostiensis_, lib. v., _De Adulteris_. [623] Wake, _Evolution of Morality_, vol. i. p. 381. [624] _Code Theod._, lib. vi., tit. I^{er.}. CHAPTER XIII. ADULTERY. I. _Adultery in General._--Adultery considered as a theft. II. _Adultery in Melanesia._--Indulgence and severity of Tasmanian and Australian husbands--Adultery at New Caledonia. III. _Adultery in Black Africa._--Among the Hottentots, at the Gaboon, in middle Africa, in Abyssinia. IV. _Adultery in Polynesia._--Punishment of unauthorised adultery--The “fire-lighter” at Noukahiva. V. _Adultery in Savage America._--Among the Esquimaux--Special penalty among the Redskins--Obscene retaliation. VI. _Adultery in Barbarous America._--Among the Pipiles in Yucatan, in Mexico, in Peru, in Guatemala. VII. _Adultery among the Mongol Races and in Malaya._--Among the nomad Tartars, in Thibet, in China, in Japan, in Malaya. VIII. _Adultery among the Egyptians, the Berbers, and the Semites._--Penalty of adultery in ancient Egypt; among the Hebrews, the Arabs, and in Kabyle. IX. _Adultery in Persia and India._--Penalty of adultery in Persia--Adultery in the Code of Manu--Fraternal and authorised adultery--The obligation of a double vengeance. X. _Adultery in the Greco-Roman World._--Legal adultery according to Lycurgus and Solon--Punishment of illegal adultery--Adultery in primitive Rome--_Lex Julia_--Legal vengeance of the father--Obscene retaliation--Laws of Antoninus, of Septimus Severus, and of Constantine. XI. _Adultery in Barbarous Europe._--Among the Tcherkesses, the Visigoths, the Francs, under Charlemagne--Singular penalties of the Middle Ages. XII. _Adultery in the Past and in the Future._ I. _Adultery in General._