§ 1. _Growing Employment of Women in Manufacture._ § 2. _Machinery favours Employment of Women._ § 3. _Wages of Women lower than of Men._ § 4. _Causes of Lower Wages for Women._ § 5. _Smaller Productivity or Efficiency of Women's Labour._ § 6. _Factors enlarging the scope of Women's Wage-work._ § 7. _"Minimum Wage" lower for Women--Her Labour often subsidised from other sources._ § 8. _Woman's Contribution to the Family Wages--Effect of Woman's Work upon Man's Wages._ § 9. _Tendency of Woman's Wage to low uniform level._ § 10. _Custom and Competition as determinants of Low Wages._ § 11. _Lack of Organisation among Women--Effect on Wages._ § 12. _Over-supply of Labour in Women's Employments the root-evil._ § 13. _Low Wages the chief cause of alleged Low "Value" of Woman's Work._ § 14. _Industrial Position of Woman analogous to that of Low-skilled Men._ § 15. _Damage to Home-life arising from Women's Wage-work._ § 1. Modern manufacture with machinery favours the employment of women as compared with men. Each census during the last half century shows that in England women are entering more largely into every department of manufacture, excepting certain branches of metal work, machine-making and shipbuilding, etc., where great muscular strength is a prime factor in success. The following table,[239] indicating the number of males and females employed in the leading groups of manufactures at decennial points since 1841, clearly indicates the nature and extent of the industrial advance of woman. MALE AND FEMALE EMPLOYMENT IN MANUFACTURES, 1841-91.