Density of Railway Population per Mileage Square Square Mile (1888). Area. Miles. (1890). United Kingdom 120,849 320 19,810 France 204,092 184 20,900 Germany 208,738 233 24,270 Russia 1,902,227 42 17,700 Austria 240,942 166 15,610 Italy 110,623 260 7,830 Spain 197,670 86 5,930 Portugal 34,038 136 1,190 Sweden 170,979 28 4,670 Norway 124,495 16 970 Denmark 15,289 133 1,220 Holland 12,648 350 1,700 Belgium 11,373 530 2,760 Switzerland 15,976 190 1,870 Greece 25,041 88 370 Turkey 65,909 73 900 U.S.A. (excluding Alaska and Indian territory) 1,175,550 21 156,080 Japan 145,655 274 910 India 964,992 229 15,250 Australia 3,030,771 1.20 10,140 Canada 3,315,647 1.45 12,700 Egypt (cultiv. area) 12,976 638 1,260 [Illustration: TONNAGE OF MERCHANT SHIPPING.] [Illustration: COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CONSUMPTION OF COAL AND IRON PER INHABITANT IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.] [Illustration: STEAM POWER OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.] [Illustration: STEAM AND OTHER POWER IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.] [Illustration: ESTIMATED ANNUAL VALUE OF MANUFACTURES.] FOOTNOTES: [58] Karl Marx, _Capital_, p. 367. [59] Marx points out how in many of the most highly evolved machines the original tool survives, illustrating this from the original power-loom. (_Capital_, p. 368.) [60] Cooke Taylor, _History of the Factory System_, p. 422. [61] Cf. Babbage, p. 15. [62] Burnley, _Wool and Wool-combing_, p. 417. [63] _Economy of Machinery_, p. 6. [64] _Economy of Machinery_, p. 39. [65] _Vide infra_, p. 249. [66] Scrivener, _History of the Iron Trade_, pp. 296, 297. [67] Sir Lyon Playfair, _North American Review_, Nov. 1892. [68] _Der Grossbetrieb_, p. 85.