[Transcriber's Notes: Bold text is marked as =text=; italic text is marked as _text_. A caron over an r is rendered as [vr], e.g., Dvo[vr]ák. An acute accent over a capital S is rendered as ['S], e.g., ['S]akuntalá. German quotation marks are rendered as guillemets, e.g., »text«. Obvious printer errors have been corrected without note. Images and sound files for the music examples are available in the HTML version of this e-book.] The Evolution OF Modern Orchestration BY LOUIS ADOLPHE COERNE, PH.D. [Illustration] New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1908 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT, 1908, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY Set up and electrotyped. Published September 1908 Stanhope Press F.H. GILSON COMPANY BOSTON, U.S.A. CONTENTS PART I.--PRELIMINARIES. PAGE PREFACE v INTRODUCTORY NOTE vii CHAPTER I. THE CRADLE OF INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC. (HISTORICAL REVIEW.) 1 " II. THE DAWN OF INDEPENDENT INSTRUMENTATION 5 " III. EVOLUTION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 8 " IV. BEGINNINGS OF ORCHESTRATION 16 SUMMARY OF PART I 26 PART II.--THE CLASSIC ERA. CHAPTER V. BACH, HÄNDEL, AND THEIR CONTEMPORARIES 28 " VI. GLUCK AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES 38 " VII. HAYDN, MOZART, AND BEETHOVEN 47 " VIII. THE CONTEMPORARIES OF BEETHOVEN 58 SUMMARY OF PART II 68 PART III.--ROMANTICISM. CHAPTER IX. THE ROMANTIC SCHOOL 70 " X. THE CLASSICAL ROMANTICISTS 81 " XI. THE NEW MOVEMENT 89 " XII. FRANCE AND ITALY 125 " XIII. HUNGARY AND BOHEMIA 145 " " SCANDINAVIA AND RUSSIA 148 " " ENGLAND AND AMERICA 157 SUMMARY OF PART III 175 CONCLUSION 183 APPENDIX OF MUSICAL ILLUSTRATIONS 189 INDEX 277 PREFACE