The evolution of scientific thought from Newton to EinsteinD'Abro, A. (Aram)
Science
The evolution of scientific thought from Newton to Einstein
D'Abro, A. (Aram)
Relativity (Physics); Science -- Methodology
Now we have seen that fields of force are accompanied by potential
distributions. Hence it follows that, whereas, with respect to a
Galilean frame, the inertial potential is zero at every point, or at
least maintains some constant value, in the case of accelerated frames
this inertial potential must vary from place to place in the frame. The
magnitude of the force at any point of an accelerated frame is given,
therefore, by a mathematical expression involving the variations in
value of the potential in the neighbourhood of the point considered.
All we have explained so far pertains to classical science, but it
appeared necessary to mention these results briefly before proceeding
to a more systematic study of Einstein’s theory. We shall now see how
all these results find a natural place in the space-time theory.
Consider a Galilean frame and an object moving freely in this frame.
Its path will of course be rectilinear and its speed uniform, hence
it will possess no acceleration, in accordance with Newton’s law of
inertia. If we interpret these results in terms of space-time, we
see that the world-line of the body is a straight line in space-time
as referred to our mesh-system of equal four-dimensional cubes. If
we now examine the motion of this same free body from some definite
accelerated frame, all we have to do is to change our four-dimensional
space-time mesh-system in an appropriate way. This change of
mesh-system does not affect the world-line of the body, since this line
remains a straight line or geodesic through flat space-time; but, on
the other hand, it will certainly alter the appearance of the straight
line when we refer our measurements to our curvilinear mesh-system. The
erstwhile straight world-line will now appear curved in a definite way,
and its precise mathematical equation as referred to our new curved
mesh-system can be obtained without difficulty.
The physical significance of this apparent curvature of the world-line
of the body will be that the body will now appear to possess
acceleration with respect to our new non-Galilean frame. The precise
magnitude of this acceleration will therefore be given by the apparent
curvature of the world-line followed by the body, and this curvature is
of course expressed implicitly by the equation of the world-line when
referred to our curvilinear mesh-system. But for a given test-body the
acceleration is related to the force acting on the body. From this it
follows that the mathematical expression of the force can be obtained
immediately.
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