The evolution of scientific thought from Newton to Einstein — John Shaqi
The evolution of scientific thought from Newton to EinsteinD'Abro, A. (Aram)
Science
The evolution of scientific thought from Newton to Einstein
D'Abro, A. (Aram)
Relativity (Physics); Science -- Methodology
Sophus Lie considered the same problem, though from a different
standpoint. He argued that a rigid body would be such that when one of
its points was fixed, any other of its points would describe a surface.
When one of its lines was fixed, any other of it's points would
describe a curve, and finally, when three points were fixed, the rigid
body would be unable to move.
As a result of these investigations it was proved that there existed
bodies which, as contrasted with Euclidean solids, would squirm when
displaced. Yet, in spite of this fact, these non-Euclidean bodies
would present all the mathematical requirements of congruent bodies.
These alternative types of bodies may be called Riemannian bodies and
Lobatchewskian bodies, respectively.
If we select Euclidean congruence for the purpose of measuring
space, non-Euclidean bodies will appear to squirm as they move; if
we select non-Euclidean congruence, it will be the Euclidean bodies
which appear to vary in form when displaced. It is usual, however, to
reserve the term rigid for the Euclidean bodies; but this is only in
order to conform to the ordinary understanding of rigidity as derived
from experience. If we omit to take into consideration the physical
behaviour of material bodies which has forced a certain conception
of rigidity upon us, there appears to be no mathematical reason
for assigning greater importance to Euclidean measurements than to
non-Euclidean ones. It follows that the non-Euclidean bodies are just
as much entitled to the appellation “rigid” as are the better-known
Euclidean ones. When it comes to deciding which of the types of
rigidity represents conservation of absolute shape and size, the
problem appears to be entirely meaningless. Accordingly we shall refer
to the various types of bodies as Euclideanly or as non-Euclideanly
rigid.
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