[Footnote 21: Schwegler, i, 619; E.W. Robertson, as cited, p. xxvii. Yet the constant tradition is that not only did the mass of the people live mainly on farinaceous food and vegetables, but the upper classes also in the early period ate meat only on festival days. Cp. Guhl and Koner, _The Life of the Greeks and Romans_, Eng. trans., pp. 501-2; Pliny, _H.N._, xviii, 3, 19; Ramsay, _Roman Antiquities_, 1851, p. 437. The cattle then were presumably sold to the people of the Etruscan and Campanian cities. Professor Ferrero leaves this problem in a state of mystery. The early Romans, he writes, had "few head of cattle" (i, 2); but land capture, he admits, meant increase (p. 5); and at the time of the Roman Protectorate over all Italy (266 B.C.) he recognises "vast wandering herds of oxen and sheep, without stable or pen" (p. 9), conducted by slave shepherds. On such lands there must have been a considerable amount of cattle-breeding at a much earlier period. On the other hand, noting that the Romans early imported terracottas and metals from Etruria, Phoenicia, and Carthage, "besides ivory-work and ornaments, perfumes for funerals, purple for the ceremonial robes of the magistrates, and a few slaves" (p. 3), Professor Ferrero lightly affirms that "it was not difficult to pay for these in exports: timber for shipbuilding, and salt, practically made up the list."] [Footnote 22: Cp. Schwegler, i, 451, 617-19; ii, 108; E.W. Robertson, _Historical Essays in connection with the Land, the Church, etc._, 1872, pp. xxvi-vii, 244.] [Footnote 23: E.W. Robertson, as cited, pp. 243-44; Schwegler, i, 617-19.] [Footnote 24: E.W. Robertson, p. xxv.] [Footnote 25: Schwegler, i, 619, and refs.; Robertson, pp. 244-45; Ferrero, i, 9; Greenidge, _Rom. Pub. Life_, p. 35.] [Footnote 26: Cp. E.W. Robertson, as cited, p. xxv.] [Footnote 27: Schwegler, i, 629; Robertson, p. xxvii.] [Footnote 28: Schwegler, i, 620 and refs.] [Footnote 29: Mommsen (ch. xiii. i, 200) puts this point in some confusion, making the patricians live mostly in the country. Meyer (ii, 521) seems to put a quite contrary view. Greenidge (_History of Rome_, 1904, p. 11) agrees with Mommsen, putting town houses as a development of the second century B.C.] [Footnote 30: According to Niebuhr (_Lectures_, xv; Eng. trans. ed. 1870, p. 81) and Mommsen (ch. iv), the Palatine and the Quirinal. (But cp. Greenidge, p. 2.) The Palatine was probably the first occupied by Romans. Schwegler, i, 442. Cp. Merivale, _General History of Rome_, 5th ed. p. 3, as to its special advantages. The Quirinal was held by the Sabines. Cp. Koch, _Roman History_, Eng. trans. p. 2.] [Footnote 31: Ihne, _Early Rome_, p. 82.] [Footnote 32: Presumably "Pelasgian." Cp. K.O. Müller, _The Dorians_, Eng. trans. i, 15; Schwegler, i, 155 _sq._] [Footnote 33: Perhaps the result of a partial conquest. Cp. Mommsen, vol. i, ch. 6, _ad init._, as to the precedence of the Palatine priests over those of the Quirinal.]