[Footnote 95: Such was the legal course of things before Solon (Grote, ii, 465-66; Ingram, _History of Slavery_, p. 16; cp. Schömann, _Griechische Alterthümer_, 2te Aufl. i, 341; Aristotle, _Polity of Athens_, cc. 2, 4, 6; Wachsmuth, _Histor. Antiq. of the Greeks_, § 33, Eng. tr. 1837, i, 244).] [Footnote 96: Cp. Schömann, i, 114; Burckhardt, _Griechische Culturgeschichte_, i, 159; Meyer, _Gesch. des Alterthums_, ii, 642. In the historic period the majority of slaves are said to have been of non-Greek race (Schömann, i, 112; Burckhardt, i, 158). But this is said without much evidence. The custom was to kill adult male captives and enslave the women and children. Men captives who were spared by the Athenians were put to slavery in the mines (Burckhardt, citing Polyaenus, II, i, 26).] [Footnote 97: _E.g._ Telys at Sybaris, Theagenes at Megara, and Kypselus at Corinth, in the sixth century B.C.; and Klearchus at Herakleia in the fourth (Grote. ii, 414, 418; iv, 95; x, 394). Compare the appeals made to Solon by both parties to make himself despot (Plutarch, _Solon_, c. 14).] [Footnote 98: As at Sparta under Agis IV (Plutarch, _Agis_, c. 13; Thirlwall, c. lxii, 1st ed. viii, 142). The claims were restored at Agis's death (_id._ p. 163).] [Footnote 99: As by Cleomenes, soon after (_id._ p. 164).] [Footnote 100: _E.g._ Agesilaus in the same crisis.] [Footnote 101: As at Megara (Grote, ii, 418).] [Footnote 102: See Grote, ii, 381, as to the general development.] [Footnote 103: But cp. Grote, ii, 420, as to the case of Megara.] [Footnote 104: Grote, ii, 490-94.] [Footnote 105: Cp. Meyer, ii, 651.] [Footnote 106: Bury, pp. 183-84.] [Footnote 107: Eduard Meyer writes of Solon (ii, 649) that "aller Radicalismus liegt ihm fern"; and, two pages later, as to the freeing of the peasantry, that "Hier konnte nur ein radicales Mittel, ein Bruch des formellen Rechts, Hülfe bringen."] [Footnote 108: Grote (ii, 471) finds this incredible; it is hard to see why. Plutarch (14, 16) is explicit on the point; so also the _Athenian Polity_, c. 11.] [Footnote 109: Friends of Solon's in the upper classes took advantage of a disclosure of his plans to buy up land in advance, escaping full payment under his law cancelling debts (Plutarch, _Solon_, c. 15; Aristotle, _Athenian Polity_, c. 6). See Plutarch, c. 16, as to the moderation and popularity of Peisistratos.] [Footnote 110: See below, pt. ii, ch. ii, § 1.] [Footnote 111: Plutarch, _Solon_, 13, 29.] [Footnote 112: As to his tactic in building up a party see Busolt, _Griech. Gesch._ 1885, i, 550-53. But the panegyric of Peisistratos as a ruler by Messrs. Mitchell and Caspari (abr. of Grote, p. 58) is extravagant. The tyrant is there extolled for the most primitive device of the ruler seeking popularity, the remission of taxes to individuals.] [Footnote 113: Grote, ii, 468, 496.] [Footnote 114: Herodotus, v, 66-69.] [Footnote 115: Plutarch, _Solon_, c. 24.] [Footnote 116: Bk. vii, c. 15.]