[Footnote 117: Plutarch, _Alcibiades_, c. 34.] [Footnote 118: Grote, ch. 46.] [Footnote 119: Cp. Meyer, _Geschichte des Alterthums_, iv, § 446.] [Footnote 120: Rev. A.S. Way's translation of Euripides, _Medea_, 829-30.] [Footnote 121: Thucydides, ii, 40.] [Footnote 122: _Griechische Culturgeschichte_, i, 11; cp. ii, 386-88, 394, etc. And see Meyer, _Geschichte des Alterthums_, ii, 727-29, 734, etc. For an able counter-pleading, see the essay of Mr. Benn, "The Ethical Value of Hellenism," in _Intern. Jour. of Ethics_, April, 1902, rep. in his _Revaluations, Historical and Ideal_, 1909.] [Footnote 123: Cp. Fustel de Coulanges, _La cité antique_, ed. 1880, pp. 260-64; E. Meyer, _Geschichte des Alterthums_, ii, 728.] [Footnote 124: Grote, iv, 489-90.] [Footnote 125: Thucydides, v, 85 _sq_.] [Footnote 126: Cp. Maisch, _Manual of Greek Antiquities_, Eng. tr. § 66.] [Footnote 127: Grote, iv, 539. Cp. Thirlwall, i, 181-83.] [Footnote 128: The view here set forth is fully borne out by the posthumous _Griechische Culturgeschichte_ of Burckhardt. Cp. i, 249-57.] [Footnote 129: Plutarch, _Pericles_, c. 17.] [Footnote 130: Xenophon, _Memorabilia_, iii, 5, 18. Cp. Grote, iv, 465. As Grote goes on to show, the same general statement holds good of Rome after her victory over Carthage, of the Italian Republics, and of the feudal baronage in England and elsewhere.] [Footnote 131: Grote, vi, 315-17, 518, rightly insists on the moderation of the people after the expulsions of the Four Hundred and the Thirty Tyrants.] [Footnote 132: Plutarch, _Pericles_, c. 17; Grote, iv, 510; T. Davidson, _The Parthenon Frieze_, 1882, pp. 82-128.] [Footnote 133: Grote, pt. ii, ch. ii (ed. 1888, ii, 173-78); Freeman, _History of Federal Government_, ed. 1893, p. 103.] CHAPTER IV THE LAWS OF SOCIO-POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT § 1