The eggs of birds are frequently not of one colour only; those of the Alpine ptarmigan (_Lagopus alpinus_), for instance, are ochre-yellow with brown and red-brown dots, resembling the nest, which is carelessly constructed of dry parts of plants. Sometimes this mingling of colours reaches an astonishing degree of resemblance to surroundings, as in the golden plover (_Charadrius pluvialis_), whose eggs, like those of the peewit (_Vanellus cristatus_), are laid among stones and grasses, not in a true nest, but in a flat depression in the sand, and, protected by a motley speckling with streaking of white, yellow, grey and brown, are excellently concealed. Perhaps the eggs of the sandpipers and gulls are even better protected, for their colouring is a mingling of yellow, brown, and grey, which imitates the sand in which they are laid so perfectly, that one may easily tread on them before becoming aware of them. But let us now turn from eggs to adult animals. Darwin first pointed out that the fauna of great regions may exhibit one and the same ground-colouring, as is the case in the Arctic zone and in the deserts. The most diverse inhabitants of these regions show quite similar coloration, namely, that which harmonizes with the dominant colour of the region itself. It is not only the persecuted animals, which need protection, that are sympathetically coloured in these cases, the persecutors themselves are likewise adapted, and this need not surprise us, when we remember that the very existence of a beast of prey depends on its being able to gain possession of its victims, and that therefore it must be of the greatest use to it to contrast as little as possible with its surroundings, and thus be able to steal on its quarry unperceived. Those that are best adapted in colour will secure the most abundant food, and will reproduce most prolifically; and they will thus have a better prospect of transmitting their usual colouring to their offspring. The Polar bear would starve if he were brown or grey, like his relatives; among the ice and snow of the Polar regions his victims, the seals, would see him coming from afar.