Thus we arrive in this way also at our earlier assumption that an
inactive accessory-idioplasm is given to all, or at least to many
cell-generations. Only among plants must this necessarily be complete
germ-plasm, and among the lower plant-forms, as in _Caulerpa_ among
the Algæ, in _Marchantia_ among Liverworts, it must be assumed to
be present in nearly all the cells, according to the experiments
in regeneration made by Reinke and Vöchting. But in multicellular
animals which develop from two different germinal layers equipped
with a different complex of determinants budding arises from a
combination of at least two different kinds of cells, and we must
only ascribe to each of these its own peculiar determinant-complex as
regeneration-idioplasm. Higher plants show us that well-marked power
of budding is not necessarily associated with a high regenerative
capacity, the histologically specialized cells among them will contain
no inactive germ-plasm, because they do not need it. But in animals the
power of budding is probably always combined with high regenerative
capacity, as is shown by the Polyps and Medusoids above all, and in a
different way by the Ctenophores, which exhibit no budding and at the
same time a very slight regenerative capacity, although they possess
an organization scarcely higher than that of the Hydromedusæ. In the
Ctenophores each of the first segmentation-cells, when artificially
separated, yields only a half-embryo, and we may conclude from this
that it contains no complete germ-plasm in an inactive state, or at
least very little, and certainly not a sufficient quantity to make it
readily regenerative.
Undoubtedly, however, the regenerative capacity occurs apart from the
capacity for budding, yet this in no way contradicts the theory. As
we have seen, a high regenerative capacity is to be found among many
animals which occur only as 'persons' and not as colonies or stocks,
but only in those which are readily liable to injury, and only in
the manner conditioned by their injury. In the higher Metazoa the
regenerative power becomes more and more limited, and in the Mammals it
sinks to a mere closing up of wounds.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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