The progress of Biblical knowledge has necessitated the publication of new series of commentaries. In English there is the International Critical Commentary;[11] and some of the later volumes of the Cambridge Bible, _e. g._, Prof. Driver's _Daniel_, are rather first-class commentaries for scholars than elementary works for general readers. In German there are Prof. Nowack's _Handkommentar zum Alten Testament_;[12] Prof. Karl Marti's _Kurzer Handkommentar zum Alten Testament_,[13] and the Old Testament sections of Profs. Strack and Zöckler's _Kurzgefaszter Kommentar_.[14] Later on reference will be made to some volumes of these series. [11] T. & T. Clark. _Judges_ by Prof. G. F. Moore, _Samuel_ by Prof. H. P. Smith, etc., etc., only four or five O. T. volumes published as yet. [12] Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen. _Job_ by Prof. Budde, _Psalms_ by Prof. Baethgen, _Ezra_, etc., etc., by Prof. Siegfried, etc. [13] J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Freiburg, i. B. _Genesis_ by Holzinger, _Ezekiel_ by Bertholet, _Proverbs_ by Wildeboer, etc., etc. [14] Oskar Beck, Munich, Orelli on _Isaiah_ and _Jeremiah_, etc., etc. In addition to the above works, there are others specially intended to show how criticism has divided up the books of the Old Testament into the various older documents from which they are believed to have been compiled. This analysis is shown in the German translation edited by Kautzsch by means of initials in the margin; Dr. Haupt's _Sacred Books of the Old Testament_ (Hebrew text) and _Polychrome Bible_,[15] by means of colored backgrounds on which the text is printed; and in the _Oxford Society of Historical Theology_; _The Hexateuch_[16] by means of parallel columns. The introduction to the last named work is the most complete popular statement of the grounds for the modern theory of the Pentateuch. Technical details and a formal contrast of the arguments for and against this theory may be found in the discussion between Profs. W. R. Harper and W. H. Green in _Hebraica_, 1888-90. Numerous Introductions to the Old Testament have expounded the current critical views, notably for English and American readers the successive editions of Prof. Driver's _Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament_. [15] _Genesis_ by C. J. Ball; _Numbers_ by Prof. J. A. Paterson (Edinburgh), etc., etc. [16] Edited by J. Estlin Carpenter and G. Harford Battersby.