The Expositor's Bible: IndexAyres, S. G. (Samuel Gardiner)
Religion
The Expositor's Bible: Index
Ayres, S. G. (Samuel Gardiner)
Bible -- Commentaries -- Indexes
The same period has seen a reasonable change in the critical treatment
of the _Acts of the Apostles_. The "Tübingen School," represented in
this case especially by Zeller, the author of well-known works on Greek
philosophy, had treated the book as altogether a fancy picture of early
church history designed to reconcile the two opposite parties of St.
Paul and the elder Apostles by means of the compromise of Catholicism.
That theory is now extinct, and recent research has gone a long way to
vindicate the trustworthiness of the book, partly by showing the
primitive character of the first half--especially as illustrated by the
speeches of St. Peter and others,[46] and later by the collection of
many evidences of the historicity of the second portion of the book,
namely, that containing the missionary journeys of St. Paul. We owe it
especially to the brilliant studies of Prof. Ramsay--the greatest living
authority on the antiquities and history of Asia Minor in the first
century--that many local and contemporary facts have been brought to
light confirmatory of the accuracy of St. Luke as a historian.[47]
[46] See Lechler, _Apostolic and Post-Apostolic Times_.
[47] See Ramsay, _St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman citizen_.
With regard to St. Paul's epistles the case stands thus: A few
extremists reject them all, partly on the ground of their supposed
inconsistency with the _Acts_--thus reversing Zeller's argument, but
mainly because of the advanced condition of Christian experience which
they illustrate, as though the pace of spiritual development in the
white heat of the greatest religious "revival" the world has ever seen
could be measured by the ideas of a Dutch professor in his chill lecture
room! But the mass of critical opinion--British, German, and
American--is tending toward a wider recognition of the genuineness of
these writings than was allowed a generation ago. Baur's admittedly
authentic group of four, which has been called "the great quadrilateral
of Christianity," still stands--viz., _1 and 2 Corinthians_, _Galatians_
and _Romans_. Next come _Philippians_ and _I Thessalonians_ now accepted
as virtually beyond question. Then _Colossians_ has been vindicated in
schools of severe criticism.[48] If _Colossians_ is allowed, there can
be no doubt as to receiving its companion epistle, the beautiful little
letter to Philemon. There are still many who are unable to admit _2
Thessalonians_, chiefly because of its apocalyptic contents. But of late
years it has been shown that the primitive church was possessed with the
hope of the coming of Christ in glory to a remarkable extent, as a
perfectly dominating idea. There remains _Ephesians_ as now the most
questioned of all the epistles that bear the name of St. Paul, except
the Pastorals. But when it is seen that one of the chief objections to
it is that it is said to be "a _weak_" (!) imitation of _Colossians_ we
may be allowed to regard this judgment as a matter of personal taste
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