[686] Polyb., xxviii. 1; Liv., xxxiii. 19; Jos., _Antt._, XII. iii. 4. See St. Jerome, _ad loc._ [687] Vulg., _terra inclyta_; but in viii. 9, _fortitudo_. [688] In the choice of the Hebrew words _qatsîn cher'patho lo_, Dr. Joël suspects a sort of anagram of Cornelius Scipio, like the ἀπὸ μέλιτος for Ptolemy, and the ἵον Ἥρας for Arsione in Lycophron; but the real meaning and rendering of the verse are highly uncertain. [689] Liv., xii. 19: "Otiosum, nullisque admodum rebus gestis nobilitatum." [690] 2 Macc. iii. 7 ff. The reading and rendering are very uncertain. [691] Joël, _Notizen_, p. 16. [692] See Jost, i. 110. [693] Vulg., _vilissimus et indignus decore regio_; R.V., "to whom they had not given the honour of a kingdom"; Ewald, "upon him shall not be set the splendour of a kingdom." Dr. Joël sees in _nibzeh_ a contemptuous paronomasia on "Epiphanes" (_Notizen_, p. 17). [694] Dan. viii. 22; 2 Macc. v. 25. [695] Jos., _Antt._, XII. v. 1. [696] Jerome, _amicitias simulans_. [697] See 1 Macc. iii. 30; 1 Macc. i. 19; Polyb., xxvii. 17; Diod. Sic., xxx. 22. What his unkingly stratagems were we do not know. [698] Liv., xliv. 19: "Antiochus per honestam speciem majoris Ptolemæi reducendi in regnum," etc. [699] Or "Paunch." He was so called from his corpulence. Comp. the name Mirabeau, _Tonneau_. [700] 2 Macc. v. 5-21; 1 Macc. i. 20-24. [701] The LXX. render this ἥξουσι Ῥωμαῖοι. Comp. Numb. xxiv. 24; Jerome, _Trieres et Romani_. On "Chittim" (Gen. x. 4) see Jos., _Antt._, I. vi. 1. [702] Polyb., xxix. 11; Appian, _Syr._, 66; Liv., xlv. 12; Vell. Paterc., i. 10. According to Polybius (xxxi. 5), Epiphanes, by his crafty dissimulation, afterwards completely hoodwinked the ambassador Tiberius Gracchus. [703] 2 Macc. vi. 2. Our best available historical comments on this chapter are to be found in the two books of Maccabees. [704] 1 Macc. ii. 42, iii. 11, iv. 14, vii. 13; 2 Macc. xiv. 6. [705] Diod. Sic, xxxi. 1; 1 Macc. i. 43. Polybius (xxxi. 4) says "he committed sacrilege in most of the temples" (τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν ἱερῶν). [706] Jahn (_Heb. Com._, § xcii.) sees in the words "neither shall he regard the desire of women" an allusion to his exclusion of women from the festival at Daphne. Some explain the passage by his robbery of the Temple of Artemis or Aphrodite in Elymais (Polyb., xxxi. 11; Appian, _Syr._, 66; 1 Macc. vi. 1-4; 2 Macc. ix. 2). All is vague and uncertain. [707] Polyb., xxvi. 10; 2 Macc. vi. 2; Liv., xii. 20. The Hebrew _Eloah Mauzzîm_ is understood by the LXX., Theodotion, the Vulgate, and Luther to be a god called Mauzzim (Μαωζείμ). See Herzog, _Real-Encycl._, _s.v._ "Meussin." Cicero (_c. Verr._, vii. 72) calls the Capitol _arx omnium nationum_. The reader must judge for himself as to the validity of the remark of Pusey (p. 92), that "all this is alien from the character of Antiochus." [708] R.V. The translation is difficult and uncertain.