The Expositor's Bible: The Book of DeuteronomyHarper, Andrew
Religion
The Expositor's Bible: The Book of Deuteronomy
Harper, Andrew
Bible. Deuteronomy -- Commentaries
The God whom the family worshipped became the God of the
confederacy, and they would be the natural guardians of His
sanctuary. This would not in the least involve special sanctity and
meekness on the part of the tribe, as some insist. They would remain
a tribe, like the others; but their leading men would discharge the
functions of priests for the confederated nation. It is difficult,
indeed, to see why any one else should have been thought of: most
likely the arrangement was made as a thing of course.
But if there was such a common worship, there must have been
a sanctuary for it, and at it the Levitic priests must have
discharged their functions. Now though the Tabernacle, as P knows
it, is not spoken of either in JE or in Deuteronomy, a "tent of
meeting" at which Jehovah revealed Himself to Moses and to which
the people went to seek Yahweh (Exod. xxxiii. 7 ff.) is known to
all our authorities. Further, Wellhausen himself says, "If Moses
did anything at all he certainly founded the sanctuary at Qadesh
and the Torah there, which the priests of the ark carried on after
him," so that even he recognises the necessity we have pointed out.
From the days of Moses onwards, therefore, there must have been
special priests of Yahweh, a special Yahwistic sanctuary, ritual
with a special sacrifice presented to Yahweh, and lastly a central
oracle, which is precisely what the passages explained away by
Wellhausen assert. But of course at that early time, even if the
ultimate purpose was to have an exclusively Levitical priesthood,
concessions to the old state of things would have to be made. The
Passover was left in the hands of the household priest, and in other
ways probably he would be considered. The old order would insist
on surviving, and the rigour of the later arrangements cannot then
have been attained. In other respects we know that it was so; and we
may well believe that the priesthood of the individual householder
and of the rulers was tolerated, and as far as possible regulated,
so as to offer no public scandal to the religion of Yahweh. So,
among the Homeric Greeks special hereditary priesthoods coexisted
with a political priesthood of the head of the State, and with the
household priesthood.[89]
[89] Rägelsbach, _Homerische Theologie_, p. 198.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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