[954] So (besides Calvin, who takes it as a title) even Hengstenberg in his _Christology of the O. T._, Ewald, Kuenen, Reuss, Stade, Rob. Smith, Cornill, Wellhausen, Kirkpatrick (probably), Wildeboer, Nowack. On the other side Hitzig, Vatke, Nägelsbach and Volck (in Herzog), Von Orelli, Pusey and Robertson hold it to be a personal name—Pusey with this qualification, “that the prophet may have framed it for himself,” similarly Orelli. They support their opinion by the fact that even the LXX. entitle the book Μαλαχιας; that the word was regarded as a proper name in the early Church, and that it is a possible name for a Hebrew. In opposition to the hypothesis that it was borrowed from chap. iii. 1, Hitzig suggests the converse that in the latter the prophet plays upon his own name. None of these critics, however, meets the objections to the name drawn from the peculiar character of the title and its relations to Zech. ix. 1, xii. 1. The supposed name of the prophet gave rise to the legend supported by many of the Fathers that Malachi, like Haggai and John the Baptist, was an incarnate angel. This is stated and condemned by Jerome, _Comm. ad Hag._ i. 13, but held by Origen, Tertullian and others. The existence of such an opinion is itself proof for the impersonal character of the name. As in the case of the rest of the prophets, Christian tradition furnishes the prophet with the outline of a biography. See (Pseud-)Epiphanius and other writers quoted above, p. 232. [955] iii. 16 ff. [956] See above on Obadiah, p. 169, and below on the passage itself. [957] i. 2-5. [958] i. 8. [959] i. 11: the verbs here are to be taken in the present, not as in A.V. in the future, tense. [960] _Passim_: especially iii. 13 ff., 24. [961] i. 10; iii. 1, 10. [962] ii. 1-9. [963] ii. 10-16. [964] iii. 7-12. [965] See above, pp. 195 f. [966] i. 2. [967] ii. 10. [968] ii. 17—iii. 12; iii. 22 f., Eng. iv. The above sentences are from Robertson Smith, art. “Malachi,” _Encyc. Brit._, 9th ed. [969] Above, p. 332, n. 952. [970] “Mal.” i. 8; Neh. v. [971] Deut. xii. 11, xxvi. 12; “Mal.” iii. 8, 10; Num. xviii. 21 ff. (P). [972] Vatke (contemporaneous with Nehemiah), Schrader, Keil, Kuenen (perhaps in second governorship of Nehemiah, but see above, p. 335, for a decisive reason against this), Köhler, Driver, Von Orelli (between Nehemiah’s first and second visit), Kirkpatrick, Robertson. [973] Deut. xii. 11. In P tĕrûmah is a due paid to priests as distinct from Levites. [974] ii. 4-8: cf. Deut. xxxiii. 8. [975] i. 8; Deut. xv. 21. [976] i. 14; Lev. iii. 1, 6. [977] iii. 5; Deut. v. 11 ff., xviii. 10, xxiv. 17 ff.; Lev. xix. 31, 33 f., xx. 6.