The Extermination of the American BisonHornaday, William T. (William Temple)
History
The Extermination of the American Bison
Hornaday, William T. (William Temple)
American bison; Wildlife conservation -- United States -- Sources
The "great fall hunt" was a regular event with about all the Indian
tribes living within striking distance of the buffalo, in the course of
which great numbers of buffalo were killed, great quantities of meat
dried and made into pemmican, and all the skins taken were tanned in
various ways to suit the many purposes they were called upon to serve.
Mr. Francis La Flesche informs me that during the presence of the
buffalo in western Nebraska and until they were driven south by the
Sioux, the fall hunt of the Omahas was sometimes participated in by
three hundred lodges, or about 3,000 people all told, six hundred of
whom were warriors, and each of whom generally killed about ten
buffaloes. The laws of the hunt were very strict and inexorable. In
order that all participants should have an equal chance, it was decreed
that any hunter caught "still-hunting" should be soundly flogged. On one
occasion an Indian was discovered in the act, but not caught. During the
chase which was made to capture him many arrows were fired at him by the
police, but being better mounted than his pursuers he escaped, and kept
clear of the camp during the remainder of the hunt. On another occasion
an Omaha, guilty of the same offense, was chased, and in his effort to
escape his horse fell with him in a coulée and broke one of his legs. In
spite of the sad plight of the Omaha, his pursuers came up and flogged
him, just as if nothing had happened.
After the invention of the Colt's revolver, and breech-loading rifles
generally, the chase on horseback speedily became more fatal to the
bison than it ever had been before. With such weapons, it was possible
to gallop into the midst of a flying herd and, during the course of a
run of 2 or 3 miles, discharge from twelve to forty shots at a range of
only a few yards, or even a few feet. In this kind of hunting the heavy
Navy revolver was the favorite weapon, because it could be held in one
hand and fired with far greater precision than could a rifle held in
both hands. Except in the hands of an expert, the use of the rifle was
limited, and often attended with risk to the hunter; but the revolver
was good for all directions; it could very often be used with deadly
effect where a rifle could not have been used at all, and, moreover, it
left the bridle-hand free. Many cavalrymen and hunters were able to use
a revolver with either hand, or one in each hand. Gen. Lew. Wallace
preferred the Smith and Wesson in 1867, which he declared to be "the
best of revolvers" then.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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