The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
So silly a creature is man, as that, intoxicated with the fumes of
vanity, he can feast on the thoughts of the praises that shall be
paid his memory in future ages, with so much ecstacy, as to neglect
his present life, nay, court and covet death, if he but imagines that
it will add to the glory he had acquired before. There is no pitch
of self-denial, that a man of pride and constitution cannot reach,
nor any passion so violent but he will sacrifice it to another, which
is superior to it; and here I cannot but admire at the simplicity
of some good men, who, when they hear of the joy and alacrity
with which holy men in persecutions have suffered for their faith,
imagine that such constancy must exceed all human force, unless it
was supported by some miraculous assistance from Heaven. As most
people are willing to acknowledge all the frailties of their species,
so they are unacquainted with the strength of our nature, and know
not that some men of firm constitution may work themselves up into
enthusiasm, by no other help than the violence of their passions; yet,
it is certain, that there have been men who only assisted with pride
and constitution to maintain the worst of causes, have undergone
death and torments, with as much cheerfulness as the best of men,
animated with piety and devotion, ever did for the true religion.
To prove this assertion, I could produce many instances; but one
or two will be sufficient. Jordanus Bruno of Nola, who wrote that
silly piece of blasphemy, called Spaccio della Bestia triumphante,
and the infamous Vanini, were both executed for openly professing and
teaching of atheism: the latter might have been pardoned the moment
before the execution, if he would have retracted his doctrine; but
rather than recant, he chose to be burnt to ashes. As he went to the
stake, he was so far from showing any concern, that he held his hand
out to a physician whom he happened to know, desiring him to judge
of the calmness of his mind by the regularity of his pulse, and from
thence taking an opportunity of making an impious comparison, uttered
a sentence too execrable to be mentioned. To these we may join one
Mahomet Effendi, who, as Sir Paul Ricaut tells us, was put to death at
Constantinople, for having advanced some notions against the existence
of a God. He likewise might have saved his life by confessing his
error, and renouncing it for the future; but chose rather to persist
in his blasphemies, saying, "Though he had no reward to expect,
the love of truth constrained him to suffer martyrdom in its defence."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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