The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
I have made this digression chiefly to show the strength of human
nature, and what mere man may perform by pride and constitution
alone. Man may certainly be as violently roused by his vanity,
as a lion is by his anger; and not only this, avarice, revenge,
ambition, and almost every passion, pity not excepted, when they
are extraordinary, may, by overcoming fear, serve him instead of
valour, and be mistaken for it even by himself; as daily experience
must teach every body that will examine and look into the motives
from which some men act. But that we may more clearly perceive what
this pretended principle is really built upon, let us look into the
management of military affairs, and we shall find that pride is no
where so openly encouraged as there. As for clothes, the very lowest
of the commission officers have them richer, or at least more gay and
splendid, than are generally wore by other people of four or five times
their income. Most of them, and especially those that have families,
and can hardly subsist, would be very glad, all Europe over, to be
less expensive that way; but it is a force put upon them to uphold
their pride, which they do not think on.
But the ways and means to rouse man's pride, and catch him by it,
are nowhere more grossly conspicuous, than in the treatment which the
common soldiers receive, whose vanity is to be worked upon (because
there must be so many) at the cheapest rate imaginable. Things we are
accustomed to we do not mind, or else what mortal that never had seen
a soldier, could look without laughing upon a man accoutred with so
much paltry gaudiness, and affected finery? The coarsest manufacture
that can be made of wool, dyed of a brickdust colour, goes down with
him, because it is in imitation of scarlet or crimson cloth; and to
make him think himself as like his officer as it is possible, with
little or no cost, instead of silver or gold lace, his hat is trimmed
with white or yellow worsted, which in others would deserve bedlam;
yet these fine allurements, and the noise made upon a calf's skin,
have drawn in, and been the destruction of more men in reality,
than all the killing eyes and bewitching voices of women ever slew
in jest. To-day the swine herd puts on his red coat, and believes
every body in earnest that calls him gentleman; and two days after
Serjeant Kite gives him a swinging wrap with his cane, for holding
his musket an inch higher than he should do. As to the real dignity
of the employment, in the two last wars, officers, when recruits were
wanted, were allowed to list fellows that were convicted of burglary
and other capital crimes, which shows that to be made a soldier is
deemed to be a preferment next to hanging. A trooper is yet worse than
a foot soldier; for when he is most at ease, he has the mortification
of being groom to a horse, that spends more money than himself. When
a man reflects on all this, the usage they generally receive from
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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