The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
The reason why there are so few men of real virtue, and so many of real
honour, is, because all the recompence a man has of a virtuous action,
is the pleasure of doing it, which most people reckon but poor pay;
but the self-denial a man of honour submits to in one appetite, is
immediately rewarded by the satisfaction he receives from another,
and what he abates of his avarice, or any other passion, is doubly
repaid to his pride: besides, honour gives large grains of allowance,
and virtue none. A man of honour must not cheat or tell a lie; he
must punctually repay what he borrows at play, though the creditor has
nothing to show for it; but he may drink, and swear, and owe money to
all the tradesmen in town, without taking notice of their dunning. A
man of honour must be true to his prince and country, while he is in
their service; but if he thinks himself not well used, he may quit it,
and do them all the mischief he can. A man of honour must never change
his religion for interest; but he may be as debauched as he pleases,
and never practise any. He must make no attempts upon his friend's
wife, daughter, sister, or any body that is trusted to his care;
but he may lie with all the world besides.
Line 353. No limner for his art is fam'd,
Stone-cutters, carvers are not nam'd.
It is, without doubt, that among the consequences of a national honesty
and frugality, it would be one not to build any new houses, or use
new materials as long as there were old ones enough to serve. By this
three parts in four, of masons, carpenters, bricklayers, &c. would
want employment; and the building trade being once destroyed, what
would become of limning, carving, and other arts that are ministering
to luxury, and have been carefully forbid by those lawgivers that
preferred a good and honest, to a great and wealthy society, and
endeavoured to render their subjects rather virtuous than rich. By
a law of Lycurgus, it was enacted, that the ceilings of the Spartan
houses should only be wrought by the ax, and their gates and doors only
smoothed by the saw; and this, says Plutarch, was not without mystery:
for if Epaminondas could say with so good a grace, inviting some of
his friends to his table: "Come, gentlemen, be secure, treason would
never come to such a poor dinner as this:" Why might not this great
lawgiver, in all probability, have thought that such ill-favoured
houses would never be capable of receiving luxury and superfluity?
It is reported, as the same author tells us, that Leotichidas, the
first of that name, was so little used to the sight of carved work,
that being entertained at Corinth in a stately room, he was much
surprised to see the timber and ceiling so finely wrought, and asked
his host whether the trees grew so in his country.
The same want of employment would reach innumerable callings; and,
among the rest, that of the
Weavers that join'd rich silk with plate,
And all the trades subordinate,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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