The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
the country gentleman I mentioned at first, to his great admiration,
knew him to be the same porter that had refused to earn his penny,
and whom he thought the laziest mortal alive.
The story teaches us, that we ought not to confound those who remain
unemployed for want of an opportunity of exerting themselves to the
best advantage, with such as for want of spirit, hug themselves in
their sloth, and will rather starve than stir. Without this caution,
we must pronounce all the world more or less lazy, according to their
estimation of the reward they are to purchase with their labour,
and then the most industrious may be called lazy.
Content, I call that calm serenity of the mind, which men enjoy while
they think themselves happy, and rest satisfied with the station
they are in: It implies a favourable construction of our present
circumstances, and a peaceful tranquillity, which men are strangers
to as long as they are solicitous about mending their condition. This
is a virtue of which the applause is very precarious and uncertain:
for, according as mens circumstances vary, they will either be blamed
or commended for being possessed of it.
A single man that works hard at a laborious trade, has a hundred a year
left him by a relation: this change of fortune makes him soon weary of
working, and not having industry enough to put himself forward in the
world, he resolves to do nothing at all, and live upon his income. As
long as he lives within compass, pays for what he has, and offends
nobody, he shall be called an honest quiet man. The victualler, his
landlady, the tailor, and others, divide what he has between them,
and the society is every year the better for his revenue; whereas,
if he should follow his own or any other trade, he must hinder
others, and some body would have the less for what he should get;
and therefore, though he should be the idlest fellow in the world, lie
a-bed fifteen hours in four and twenty, and do nothing but sauntering
up and down all the rest of the time, nobody would discommend him,
and his unactive spirit is honoured with the name of content.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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