The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
This perhaps might be done where people are contented to be poor and
hardy; but if they would likewise enjoy their ease and the comforts
of the world, and be at once an opulent, potent, and flourishing,
as well as a warlike nation, it is utterly impossible. I have heard
people speak of the mighty figure the Spartans made above all the
commonwealths of Greece, notwithstanding their uncommon frugality
and other exemplary virtues. But certainly there never was a nation
whose greatness was more empty than theirs: The splendor they lived
in was inferior to that of a theatre, and the only thing they could
be proud of, was, that they enjoyed nothing. They were, indeed,
both feared and esteemed abroad: they were so famed for valour and
skill in martial affairs, that their neighbours did not only court
their friendship and assistance in their wars, but were satisfied,
and thought themselves sure of the victory, if they could but get a
Spartan general to command their armies. But then their discipline
was so rigid, and their manner of living so austere and void of all
comfort, that the most temperate man among us would refuse to submit
to the harshness of such uncouth laws. There was a perfect equality
among them: gold and silver coin were cried down; their current money
was made of iron, to render it of a great bulk, and little worth: To
lay up twenty or thirty pounds, required a pretty large chamber, and
to remove it, nothing less than a yoke of oxen. Another remedy they
had against luxury, was, that they were obliged to eat in common of
the same meat, and they so little allowed any body to dine, or sup by
himself at home, that Agis, one of their kings, having vanquished the
Athenians, and sending for his commons at his return home (because he
desired privately to eat with his queen) was refused by the Polemarchi.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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