The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
In training up their youth, their chief care, says Plutarch, was to
make them good subjects, to fit them to endure the fatigues of long
and tedious marches, and never to return without victory from the
field. When they were twelve years old, they lodged in little bands,
upon beds made of the rushes, which grew by the banks of the river
Eurotas; and because their points were sharp, they were to break them
off with their hands without a knife: If it were a hard winter, they
mingled some thistle-down with their rushes to keep them warm (see
Plutarch in the life of Lycurgus.) From all these circumstances it is
plain, that no nation on earth was less effeminate; but being debarred
from all the comforts of life, they could have nothing for their pains,
but the glory of being a warlike people, inured to toils and hardships,
which was a happiness that few people would have cared for upon the
same terms: and, though they had been masters of the world, as long
as they enjoyed no more of it, Englishmen would hardly have envied
them their greatness. What men want now-a-days has sufficiently been
shewn in Remark on line 200, where I have treated of real pleasures.
Line 411. T' enjoy the world's conveniencies.
That the words, decency and conveniency, were very ambiguous, and
not to be understood, unless we were acquainted with the quality and
circumstances of the persons that made use of them, has been hinted
already in Remark on line 177. The goldsmith, mercer, or any other
of the most creditable shopkeepers, that has three or four thousand
pounds to set up with, must have two dishes of meat every day, and
something extraordinary for Sundays. His wife must have a damask bed
against her lying-in, and two or three rooms very well furnished: the
following summer she must have a house, or at least very good lodgings
in the country. A man that has a being out of town, must have a horse;
his footman must have another. If he has a tolerable trade, he expects
in eight or ten years time to keep his coach, which, notwithstanding,
he hopes, that after he has slaved (as he calls it) for two or three
and twenty years, he shall be worth at least a thousand a-year for
his eldest son to inherit, and two or three thousand pounds for
each of his other children to begin the world with; and when men of
such circumstances pray for their daily bread, and mean nothing more
extravagant by it, they are counted pretty modest people. Call this
pride, luxury, superfluity, or what you please, it is nothing but what
ought to be in the capital of a flourishing nation: those of inferior
condition must content themselves with less costly conveniencies, as
others of higher rank will be sure to make theirs more expensive. Some
people call it but decency to be served in plate, and reckon a coach
and six among the necessary comforts of life; and if a peer has not
above three or four thousand a-year, his lordship is counted poor.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account