The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
Nothing to me is more evident, than that no nation in any manufacture
whatever can undersell their neighbours with whom they are at best
but equals as to skill and dispatch, and the conveniency for working,
more especially when the prime cost of the thing to be manufactured
is not in their favour, unless they have provisions, and whatever
is relating to their sustenance, cheaper, or else workmen that
are either more assiduous, and will remain longer at their work,
or be content with a meaner and coarser way of living than those
of their neighbours. This is certain, that where numbers are equal,
the more laborious people are, and the fewer hands the same quantity
of work is performed by, the greater plenty there is in a country of
the necessaries for life, the more considerable and the cheaper that
country may render its exports.
It being granted, then, that abundance of work is to be done, the
next thing which I think to be likewise undeniable, is, that the more
cheerfully it is done the better, as well for those that perform it,
as for the rest of the society. To be happy is to be pleased, and the
less notion a man has of a better way of living, the more content he
will be with his own; and, on the other hand, the greater a man's
knowledge and experience is in the world, the more exquisite the
delicacy of his taste, and the more consummate judge he is of things
in general, certainly the more difficult it will be to please him. I
would not advance any thing that is barbarous or inhuman: but when a
man enjoys himself, laughs and sings, and in his gesture and behaviour
shows me all the tokens of content and satisfaction, I pronounce him
happy, and have nothing to do with his wit or capacity. I never enter
into the reasonableness of his mirth, at least I ought not to judge
of it by my own standard, and argue from the effect which the thing
that makes him merry would have upon me. At that rate, a man that
hates cheese must call me fool for loving blue mold. De gustibus
non est disputandum is as true in a metaphorical, as it is in the
literal sense; and the greater the distance is between people as to
their condition, their circumstances and manner of living, the less
capable they are of judging of one another's troubles or pleasures.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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