The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
This puts me in mind of our wool, which, considering the posture
of our affairs, and the behaviour of the poor, I sincerely believe,
ought not, upon any account, to be carried abroad: but if we look into
the reason, why suffering it to be fetched away is so pernicious, our
heavy complaint and lamentations that it is exported can be no great
credit to us. Considering the mighty and manifold hazards that must be
run before it can be got off the coast, and safely landed beyond sea,
it is manifest that the foreigners, before they can work our wool,
must pay more for it very considerably, than what we can have it for
at home. Yet, notwithstanding this great difference in the prime cost,
they can afford to sell the manufactures made of it cheaper at foreign
markets than ourselves. This is the disaster we groan under, the
intolerable mischief, without which the exportation of that commodity
could be no greater prejudice to us than that of tin or lead, as long
as our hands were fully employed, and we had still wool to spare.
There is no people yet come to higher perfection in the woollen
manufacture, either as to dispatch or goodness of work, at least in
the most considerable branches, than ourselves; and therefore what
we complain of can only depend on the difference in the management of
the poor, between other nations and ours. If the labouring people in
one country will work twelve hours in a day, and six days in a week,
and in another they are employed but eight hours in a day, and not
above four days in a week the one is obliged to have nine hands for
what the other does with four. But if, moreover, the living, the food,
and raiment, and what is consumed by the workmen of the industrious,
costs but half the money of what is expended among an equal number
of the other, the consequence must be, that the first will have the
work of eighteen men for the same price as the other gives for the
work of four. I would not insinuate, neither do I think, that the
difference, either in diligence or necessaries of life between us
and any neighbouring nation, is near so great as what I speak of,
yet I would have it considered, that half of that difference, and
much less, is sufficient to over-balance the disadvantage they labour
under as to the price of wool.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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