The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
At all this no offence is taken, and the peasant justly thinks they are
making much of him; therefore, far from opposing them, he patiently
suffers himself to be pushed or pulled which way the strength that
surrounds him shall direct. He has not the delicacy to find fault
with a man's breath, who has just blown out his pipe, or a greasy
head of hair that is rubbing against his chops: Dirt and sweat he
has been used to from his cradle, and it is no disturbance to him to
hear half a score people, some of them at his ear, and the furthest
not five foot from him, bawl out as if he was hundred yards off: He
is conscious that he makes no less noise when he is merry himself,
and is secretly pleased with their boisterous usages. The hawling
and pulling him about he construes the way it is intended; it is a
courtship he can feel and understand: He cannot help wishing them well
for the esteem they seem to have for him: He loves to be taken notice
of, and admires the Londoners for being so pressing in the offers of
their service to him, for the value of threepence or less; whereas,
in the country at the shop he uses, he can have nothing but he must
first tell them what he wants, and, though he lays out three or four
shillings at a time, has hardly a word spoke to him unless it be in
answer to a question himself is forced to ask first. This alacrity
in his behalf moves his gratitude, and, unwilling to disoblige any,
from his heart he knows not whom to choose. I have seen a man think
all this, or something like it, as plainly as I could see the nose in
his face; and, at the same time, move along very contentedly under
a load of watermen, and with a smiling countenance carry seven or
eight stone more than his own weight to the water side.
If the little mirth I have shown, in the drawing of these two images
from low life, misbecomes me, I am sorry for it, but I promise not
to be guilty of that fault any more, and will now, without loss
of time, proceed with my argument in artless dull simplicity, and
demonstrate the gross error of those, who imagine that the social
virtues, and the amiable qualities that are praise-worthy in us,
are equally beneficial to the public as they are to the individual
persons that are possessed of them, and that the means of thriving,
and whatever conduces to the welfare and real happiness of private
families, must have the same effect upon the whole society. This,
I confess, I have laboured for all along, and I flatter myself not
unsuccessfully: But I hope nobody will like a problem the worse for
seeing the truth of it proved more ways than one.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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