The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
It is certain, that the fewer desires a man has, and the less he
covets, the more easy he is to himself; the more active he is to
supply his own wants, and the less he requires to be waited upon,
the more he will be beloved, and the less trouble he is in a family;
the more he loves peace and concord, the more charity he has for his
neighbour, and the more he shines in real virtue, there is no doubt
but that in proportion he is acceptable to God and man. But let us be
just, what benefit can these things be of, or what earthly good can
they do, to promote the wealth, the glory, and worldly greatness of
nations? It is the sensual courtier that sets no limits to his luxury;
the fickle strumpet that invents new fashions every week; the haughty
duchess that in equipage, entertainments, and all her behaviour, would
imitate a princess; the profuse rake and lavish heir, that scatter
about their money without wit or judgment, buy every thing they see,
and either destroy or give it away the next day; the covetous and
perjured villain that squeezed an immense treasure from the tears of
widows and orphans, and left the prodigals the money to spend: It is
these that are the prey and proper food of a full grown Leviathan;
or, in other words, such is the calamitous condition of human affairs,
that we stand in need of the plagues and monsters I named, to have all
the variety of labour performed, which the skill of men is capable
of inventing in order to procure an honest livelihood to the vast
multitudes of working poor, that are required to make a large society:
And it is folly to imagine, that great and wealthy nations can subsist,
and be at once powerful and polite without.
I protest against Popery as much as ever Luther and Calvin did,
or Queen Elizabeth herself; but I believe from my heart, that
the Reformation has scarce been more instrumental in rendering
the kingdoms and states that have embraced it, flourishing beyond
other nations, than the silly and capricious invention of hooped and
quilted petticoats. But if this should be denied me by the enemies
of priestly power, at least I am sure that, bar the great men who
have fought for and against that layman's blessing, it has, from its
beginning to this day, not employed so many hands, honest, industrious,
labouring hands, as the abominable improvement on female luxury,
I named, has done in few years. Religion is one thing, and trade is
another. He that gives most trouble to thousands of his neighbours,
and invents the most operose manufactures, is, right or wrong, the
greatest friend to the society.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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