The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
But to let alone the necessary consequence of foreign trade, the
corruption of manners, as well as plagues, poxes, and other diseases,
that are brought to us by shipping, should we only cast our eyes on
what is either to be imputed to the wind and weather, the treachery of
the seas, the ice of the north, the vermin of the south, the darkness
of nights, and unwholesomeness of climates, or else occasioned by the
want of good provisions, and the faults of mariners, and unskilfulness
of some, and the neglect and drunkenness of others; and should we
consider the losses of men and treasure swallowed up in the deep, the
tears and necessities of widows and orphans made by the sea, the ruin
of merchants and the consequences, the continual anxieties that parents
and wives are in for the safety of their children and husbands, and
not forget the many pangs and heart-aches that are felt throughout a
trading nation, by owners and insurers, at every blast of wind; should
we cast our eyes, I say, on these things, consider with due attention
and give them the weight they deserve, would it not be amazing, how a
nation of thinking people should talk of their ships and navigation
as a peculiar blessing to them, and placing an uncommon felicity in
having an infinity of vessels dispersed through the wide world, and
always some going to and others coming from every part of the universe?
But let us once, in our consideration on these things, confine
ourselves to what the ships suffer only, the vessels themselves,
with their rigging and appurtenances, without thinking on the freight
they carry, or the hands that work them, and we shall find that the
damage sustained that way only, is very considerable, and must one
year with another amount to vast sums; the ships that are foundered
at sea, split against rocks and swallowed up by sands, some by the
fierceness of tempests altogether, others by that and the want of
pilots, experience, and knowledge of the coasts: the masts that are
blown down, or forced to be cut and thrown overboard, the yards,
sails, and cordage of different sizes that are destroyed by storms,
and the anchors that are lost: add to these the necessary repairs of
leaks sprung, and other hurts received from the rage of winds, and the
violence of the waves: many ships are set on fire by carelessness,
and the effects of strong liquors, which none are more addicted to
than sailors: sometimes unhealthy climates, at others the badness of
provision breed fatal distempers, that sweep away the greatest part
of the crew, and not a few ships are lost for want of hands.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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