The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
I have only touched hitherto on the consequences of this blessing in
relation to shipping, but it would be detrimental to all other branches
of trade besides, and destructive to the poor of every country, that
exports any thing of their own growth or manufacture. The goods and
merchandises that every year go to the deep, that are spoiled at sea
by salt water, by heat, by vermine, destroyed by fire, or lost to the
merchant by other accidents, all owing to storms or tedious voyages,
or else the neglect or rapacity of sailors; such goods, I say, and
merchandises are a considerable part of what every year is sent abroad
throughout the world, and must have employed great multitudes of poor,
before they could come on board. A hundred bales of cloth that are
burnt or sunk in the Mediterranean, are as beneficial to the poor
in England, as if they had safely arrived at Smyrna or Aleppo, and
every yard of them had been retailed on the grand Signior's dominions.
The merchant may break, and by him the clothier, the dyer, the packer,
and other tradesmen, the middling people, may suffer; but the poor
that were set to work about them can never lose. Day-labourers
commonly receive their earnings once a-week, and all the working
people that were employed, either in any of the various branches of
the manufacture itself, or the several land and water carriages it
requires to be brought to perfection, from the sheep's back, to the
vessel it was entered in, were paid, at least much the greatest part
of them, before the parcel came on board. Should any of my readers
draw conclusions in infinitum, from my assertions, that goods sunk
or burnt are as beneficial to the poor, as if they had been well
sold and put to their proper uses, I would count him a caviller and
not worth answering: should it always rain and the sun never shine,
the fruits of the earth would soon be rotten and destroyed; and yet
it is no paradox to affirm, that, to have grass or corn, rain is as
necessary as the sunshine.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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