The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
It is in morality as it is in nature, there is nothing so perfectly
good in creatures, that it cannot be hurtful to any one of the society,
nor any thing so entirely evil, but it may prove beneficial to some
part or other of the creation: so that things are only good and evil
in reference to something else, and according to the light and position
they are placed in. What pleases us is good in that regard, and by this
rule every man wishes well for himself to the best of his capacity,
with little respect to his neighbour. There never was any rain yet,
though in a very dry season when public prayers had been made for it,
but somebody or other who wanted to go abroad, wished it might be fair
weather only for that day. When the corn stands thick in the spring,
and the generality of the country rejoice at the pleasing object,
the rich farmer who kept his last year's crop for a better market,
pines at the sight, and inwardly grieves at the prospect of a plentiful
harvest. Nay, we shall often hear your idle people openly wish for the
possessions of others, and not to be injurious forsooth add this wise
proviso, that it should be without detriment to the owners: but I am
afraid they often do it without any such restriction in their hearts.
It is a happiness that the prayers as well as wishes of most people,
are insignificant and good for nothing; or else the only thing that
could keep mankind fit for society, and the world from falling into
confusion, would be the impossibility that all the petitions made
to Heaven should be granted. A dutiful pretty young gentleman newly
come from his travels, lies at the Briel waiting with impatience for
an easterly wind, to waft him over to England, where a dying father,
who wants to embrace and give him his blessing before he yields his
breath, lies hoaning after him, melted with grief and tenderness:
in the mean while a British minister, who is to take care of the
Protestant interest in Germany, is riding post to Harwich, and in
violent haste to be at Ratisbone before the diet breaks up. At the
same time a rich fleet lies ready for the Mediterranean, and a fine
squadron is bound for the Baltic. All these things may probably
happen at once, at least there is no difficulty in supposing they
should. If these people are not atheists, or very great reprobates,
they will all have some good thoughts before they go to sleep, and
consequently about bed-time, they must all differently pray for a
fair wind and a prosperous voyage. I do not say but it is their duty,
and it is possible they may be all heard, but I am sure they cannot
be all served at the same time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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