The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
I am far from believing, that, among the fashionable people, there
are not, in all Christian countries, many persons of stricter virtue,
and greater sincerity in religion, than I have here described; but
that a considerable part of mankind have a great resemblance to the
picture I have been drawing, I appeal to every knowing and candid
reader. Horatio, Cleomenes, and Fulvia, are the names I have given
to my interlocutors: The first represents one of the modish people
I have been speaking of, but rather of the better sort of them as to
morality, though he seems to have a greater distrust of the sincerity
of clergymen, than he has of that of any other profession, and to
be of the opinion, which is expressed in that trite and specious, as
well as false and injurious saying, priests of all religions are the
same. As to his studies, he is supposed to be tolerably well versed
in the classics, and to have read more than is usual for people of
quality, that are born to great estates. He is a man of strict honour,
and of justice as well as humanity; rather profuse than covetous,
and altogether disinterested in his principles. He has been abroad,
seen the world, and is supposed to be possessed of the greatest part
of the accomplishments that usually gain a man the reputation of
being very much of a gentleman.
Cleomenes had been just such another, but was much reformed. As he
had formerly, for his amusement only, been dipping into anatomy,
and several parts of natural philosophy; so, since he was come home
from his travels, he had studied human nature, and the knowledge of
himself, with great application. It is supposed, that, whilst he was
thus employing most of his leisure hours, he met with the Fable of the
Bees; and, making a great use of what he read, compared what he felt
himself within, as well as what he had seen in the world, with the
sentiments set forth in that book, and found the insincerity of men
fully as universal, as it was there represented. He had no opinion of
the pleas and excuses that are commonly made to cover the real desires
of the heart; and he ever suspected the sincerity of men, whom he saw
to be fond of the world, and with eagerness grasping at wealth and
power, when they pretended that the great end of their labours was to
have opportunities of doing good to others upon earth, and becoming
themselves more thankful to Heaven; especially, if they conformed
with the beau monde, and seemed to take delight in a fashionable way
of living: He had the same suspicion of all men of sense, who, having
read and considered the gospel, would maintain the possibility that
persons might pursue worldly glory with all their strength, and, at the
same time, be good Christians. Cleomenes himself believed the Bible
to be the word of God, without reserve, and was entirely convinced
of the mysterious, as well as historical truths that are contained
in it. But as he was fully persuaded, not only of the veracity of the
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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