The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
Christian religion, but likewise of the severity of its precepts, so
he attacked his passions with vigour, but never scrupled to own his
want of power to subdue them, or the violent opposition he felt from
within; often complaining, that the obstacles he met with from flesh
and blood, were insurmountable. As he understood perfectly well the
difficulty of the task required in the gospel, so he ever opposed those
easy casuists, that endeavoured to lessen and extenuate it for their
own ends; and he loudly maintained, that men's gratitude to Heaven
was an unacceptable offering, whilst they continued to live in ease
and luxury, and were visibly solicitous after their share of the pomp
and vanity of this world. In the very politeness of conversation, the
complacency with which fashionable people are continually soothing each
other's frailties, and in almost every part of a gentleman's behaviour,
he thought there was a disagreement between the outward appearances,
and what is felt within, that was clashing with uprightness and
sincerity. Cleomenes was of opinion, that of all religious virtues,
nothing was more scarce, or more difficult to acquire, than Christian
humility; and that to destroy the possibility of ever attaining to it,
nothing was so effectual as what is called a gentleman's education;
and that the more dexterous, by this means, men grew in concealing
the outward signs, and every symptom of pride, the more entirely they
became enslaved by it within. He carefully examined into the felicity
that accrues from the applause of others, and the invisible wages
which men of sense and judicious fancy received for their labours;
and what it was at the bottom that rendered those airy rewards so
ravishing to mortals. He had often observed, and watched narrowly the
countenances and behaviour of men, when any thing of theirs was admired
or commended, such as the choice of their furniture, the politeness
of their entertainments, the elegancy of their equipages, their dress,
their diversions, or the fine taste displayed in their buildings.
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