The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
Cleomenes seemed charitable, and was a man of strict morals, yet he
would often complain that he was not possessed of one Christian virtue,
and found fault with his own actions, that had all the appearances of
goodness; because he was conscious, he said, that they were performed
from a wrong principle. The effects of his education, and his aversion
to infamy, had always been strong enough to keep him from turpitude;
but this he ascribed to his vanity, which he complained was in such
full possession of his heart, that he knew no gratification of any
appetite from which he was able to exclude it. Having always been a
man of unblameable behaviour, the sincerity of his belief had made
no visible alteration in his conduct to outward appearances; but in
private he never ceased from examining himself. As no man was less
prone to enthusiasm than himself, so his life was very uniform; and
as he never pretended to high flights of devotion, so he never was
guilty of enormous offences. He had a strong aversion to rigorists
of all sorts; and when he saw men quarrelling about forms and creeds,
and the interpretation of obscure places, and requiring of others the
strictest compliance to their own opinions in disputable matters, it
raised his indignation to see the generality of them want charity, and
many of them scandalously remiss in the plainest and most necessary
duties. He took uncommon pains to search into human nature, and
left no stone unturned, to detect the pride and hypocrisy of it,
and, among his intimate friends, to expose the stratagems of the
one, and the exorbitant power of the other. He was sure, that the
satisfaction which arose from worldly enjoyments, was something
distinct from gratitude, and foreign to religion; and he felt plainly,
that as it proceeded from within, so it centered in himself: The very
relish of life, he said, was accompanied with an elevation of mind,
that seemed to be inseparable from his being. Whatever principle
was the cause of this, he was convinced within himself, that the
sacrifice of the heart, which the gospel requires, consisted in the
utter extirpation of that principle; confessing, at the same time,
that this satisfaction he found in himself, this elevation of mind,
caused his chief pleasure; and that, in all the comforts of life,
it made the greatest part of the enjoyment.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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