The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
Hor. I do not deny that; we often receive inestimable benefits from
them, and the good ones in either profession are not only useful,
but very necessary to the society: but though there are several that
sacrifice their whole lives, and all the comforts of them, to their
business, there is not one of them that would take a quarter of the
pains he now is at, if, without taking any, he could acquire the
same money, reputation, and other advantages that may accrue to him
from the esteem or gratitude of those whom he has been serviceable
to; and I do not believe, there is an eminent man among them that
would not own this if the question was put to him. Therefore, when
ambition and the love of money are avowed principles men act from,
it is very silly to ascribe virtues to them, which they themselves
pretend to lay no manner of claim to. But your encomium upon the
parson is the merriest jest of all: I have heard many excuses made,
and some of them very frivolous, for the covetousness of priests; but
what you have picked out in their praise is more extraordinary than
any thing I ever met with; and the most partial advocate and admirer
of the clergy never yet discovered before yourself a great virtue
in their hunting after pluralities, when they were well provided for
themselves, and many others for want of employ were ready to starve.
Cleo. But if there be any reality in the social system, it would be
better for the public, if men, in, all professions, were to act from
those generous principles; and you will allow, that the society would
be the gainers, if the generality in the three faculties would mind
others more, and themselves less than they do now.
Hor. I do not know that; and considering what slavery some lawyers,
as well as physicians, undergo, I much question whether it would
be possible for them to exert themselves in the same manner though
they would, if the constant baits and refreshments of large fees did
not help to support human nature, by continually stimulating this
darling passion.
Cleo. Indeed, Horatio, this is a stronger argument against the social
system, and more injurious to it than any thing that has been said
by the author whom you have exclaimed against with so much bitterness.
Hor. I deny that: I do not conclude from the selfishness in some,
that there is no virtue in others.
Cleo. Nor he neither, and you very much wrong him if you assert that
he ever did.
Hor. I refuse to commend what is not praise-worthy; but as bad as
mankind are, virtue has an existence as well as vice, though it is
more scarce.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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