The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
Cleo. There can be nothing mean in noble actions, whoever the persons
are that perform them. But if the vulgar are to be all excluded from
the social virtues, what rule or instruction shall the labouring poor,
which are by far the greatest part of the nation, have left them to
walk by, when the Characteristics have made a jest of all revealed
religion, especially the Christian? but if you despise the poor
and illiterate, I can, in the same method, judge of men in higher
stations. Let the enemies to the social system behold the venerable
counsellor, now grown eminent for his wealth, that at his great age
continues sweltering at the bar to plead the doubtful cause, and,
regardless of his dinner, shorten his own life in endeavouring to
secure the possessions of others. How conspicuous is the benevolence
of the physician to his kind, who, from morning till night, visiting
the sick, keeps several sets of horses to be more serviceable to many,
and still grudges himself the time for the necessary functions of
life! In the same manner the indefatigable clergyman, who, with his
ministry, supplies a very large parish already, solicits with zeal
to be as useful and beneficent to another, though fifty of his order,
yet unemployed, offer their service for the same purpose.
Hor. I perceive your drift: from the strained panegyrics you labour
at, you would form arguments ad absurdum: the banter is ingenious
enough, and, at proper times, might serve to raise a laugh; but then
you must own likewise, that those studied encomiums will not bear to
be seriously examined into. When we consider that the great business
as well as perpetual solicitude of the poor, are to supply their
immediate wants, and keep themselves from starving, and that their
children are a burden to them, which they groan under, and desire
to be delivered from by all possible means, that are not clashing
with the low involuntary affection which nature forces them to have
for their offspring: when, I say, we consider this, the virtues of
your industrious make no great figure. The public spirit likewise,
and the generous principles, your sagacity has found out in the three
faculties, to which men are brought up for a livelihood, seem to be
very far fetched. Fame, wealth, and greatness, every age can witness:
but whatever labour or fatigue they submit to, the motives of their
actions are as conspicuous as their calling themselves.
Cleo. Are they not beneficial to mankind, and of use to the public?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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