The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
Thieves and pick-pockets steal for a livelihood, and either what they
can get honestly is not sufficient to keep them, or else they have
an aversion to constant working: they want to gratify their senses,
have victuals, strong drink, lewd women, and to be idle when they
please. The victualler, who entertains them, and takes their money,
knowing which way they come at it, is very near as great a villain
as his guests. But if he fleeces them well, minds his business,
and is a prudent man, he may get money, and be punctual with them
he deals with: The trusty out-clerk, whose chief aim is his master's
profit, sends him in what beer he wants, and takes care not to lose
his custom; while the man's money is good, he thinks it no business
of his to examine whom he gets it by. In the mean time, the wealthy
brewer, who leaves all the management to his servants, knows nothing
of the matter, but keeps his coach, treats his friends, and enjoys
his pleasure with ease and a good conscience; he gets an estate;
builds houses, and educates his children in plenty, without ever
thinking on the labour which wretches perform, the shifts fools make,
and the tricks knaves play to come at the commodity, by the vast sale
of which he amasses his great riches.
A highwayman having met with a considerable booty, gives a poor
common harlot, he fancies, ten pounds to new-rig her from top to toe;
is there a spruce mercer so conscientious that he will refuse to sell
her a thread sattin, though he knew who she was? She must have shoes
and stockings, gloves, the stay and mantua maker, the sempstress, the
linen-draper, all must get something by her, and a hundred different
tradesmen dependent on those she laid her money out with, may touch
part of it before a month is at an end. The generous gentleman, in the
mean time, his money being near spent, ventured again on the road, but
the second day having committed a robbery near Highgate, he was taken
with one of his accomplices, and the next sessions both were condemned,
and suffered the law. The money due on their conviction fell to three
country fellows, on whom it was admirably well bestowed. One was an
honest farmer, a sober pains-taking man, but reduced by misfortunes:
The summer before, by the mortality among the cattle, he had lost
six cows out of ten, and now his landlord, to whom he owed thirty
pounds, had seized on all his stock. The other was a day-labourer,
who struggled hard with the world, had a sick wife at home, and
several small children to provide for. The third was a gentleman's
gardener, who maintained his father in prison, where, being bound
for a neighbour, he had lain for twelve pounds almost a year and a
half; this act of filial duty was the more meritorious, because he
had for some time been engaged to a young woman, whose parents lived
in good circumstances, but would not give their consent before our
gardener had fifty guineas of his own to show. They received above
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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