The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
There is nothing refines mankind more than love and honour. Those two
passions are equivalent to many virtues, and therefore the greatest
schools of breeding and good manners, are courts and armies; the
first to accomplish the women, the other to polish the men. What
the generality of officers among civilized nations affect, is a
perfect knowledge of the world and the rules of honour; an air of
frankness, and humanity peculiar to military men of experience, and
such a mixture of modesty and undauntedness, as may bespeak them both
courteous and valiant. Where good sense is fashionable, and a genteel
behaviour is in esteem, gluttony and drunkenness can be no reigning
vices. What officers of distinction chiefly aim at, is not a beastly,
but a splendid way of living, and the wishes of the most luxurious,
in their several degrees of quality, are to appear handsomely, and
excel each other in finery of equipage, politeness of entertainments,
and the reputation of a judicious fancy in every thing about them.
But if there should be more dissolute reprobates among officers,
than there are among men of other professions, which is not true,
yet the most debauched of them may be very serviceable, if they have
but a great share of honour. It is this that covers and makes up for a
multitude of defects in them, and it is this that none (how abandoned
soever they are to pleasure) dare pretend to be without. But as there
is no argument so convincing as matter of fact, let us look back on
what so lately happened in our two last wars with France. How many
puny young striplings have we had in our armies, tenderly educated,
nice in their dress, and curious in their diet, that underwent all
manner of duties with gallantry and cheerfulness?
Those that have such dismal apprehensions of luxury's enervating and
effeminating people, might, in Flanders and Spain have seen embroidered
beaux with fine laced shirts and powdered wigs stand as much fire,
and lead up to the mouth of a cannon, with as little concern as it
was possible for the most stinking slovens to have done in their own
hair, though it had not been combed in a month, and met with abundance
of wild rakes, who had actually impaired their healths, and broke
their constitutions with excesses of wine and women, that yet behaved
themselves with conduct and bravery against their enemies. Robustness
is the least thing required in an officer, and if sometimes strength
is of use, a firm resolution of mind, which the hopes of preferment,
emulation, and the love of glory inspire them with, will at a push
supply the place of bodily force.
Those that understand their business, and have a sufficient sense
of honour, as soon as they are used to danger will always be capable
officers: and their luxury, as long as they spend nobody's money but
their own, will never be prejudicial to a nation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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