The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
By all which, I think, I have proved what I designed in this remark
on luxury. First, that in one sense every thing may be called so,
and in another there is no such thing. Secondly, that with a wise
administration all people may swim in as much foreign luxury as
their product can purchase, without being impoverished by it. And,
lastly, that where military affairs are taken care of as they ought,
and the soldiers well paid and kept in good discipline, a wealthy
nation may live in all the ease and plenty imaginable; and in many
parts of it, show as much pomp and delicacy, as human wit can invent,
and at the same time be formidable to their neighbours, and come up
to the character of the bees in the fable, of which I said, that
Flatter'd in peace, and fear'd in wars,
They were th' esteem of foreigners;
And lavish of their wealth and lives,
The balance of all other hives.
(See what is farther said concerning luxury in the Remarks on line
182 and 307.)
Line 182. And odious pride a million more.
Pride is that natural faculty by which every mortal that has any
understanding over-values, and imagines better things of himself than
any impartial judge, thoroughly acquainted with all his qualities
and circumstances, could allow him. We are possessed of no other
quality so beneficial to society, and so necessary to render it
wealthy and flourishing as this, yet it is that which is most
generally detested. What is very peculiar to this faculty of ours,
is, that those who are the fullest of it, are the least willing to
connive at it in others; whereas the heinousness of other vices is
the most extenuated by those who are guilty of them themselves. The
chaste man hates fornication, and drunkenness is most abhorred by the
temperate; but none are so much offended at their neighbour's pride,
as the proudest of all; and if any one can pardon it, it is the most
humble: from which, I think, we may justly infer, that it being odious
to all the world, is a certain sign that all the world is troubled with
it. This all men of sense are ready to confess, and nobody denies but
that he has pride in general. But, if you come to particulars, you
will meet with few that will own any action you can name of theirs
to have proceeded from that principle. There are likewise many who
will allow, that among the sinful nations of the times, pride and
luxury are the great promoters of trade, but they refuse to own the
necessity there is, that in a more virtuous age (such a one as should
be free from pride), trade would in a great measure decay.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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