The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
The Almighty, they say, has endowed us with the dominion over all
things which the earth and sea produce or contain; there is nothing
to be found in either, but what was made for the use of man; and his
skill and industry above other animals were given him, that he might
render both them and every thing else within the reach of his senses,
more serviceable to him. Upon this consideration they think it impious
to imagine, that humility, temperance, and other virtues should debar
people from the enjoyment of those comforts of life, which are not
denied to the most wicked nations; and so conclude, that without pride
or luxury, the same things might be eat, wore, and consumed; the same
number of handicrafts and artificers employed, and a nation be every
way as flourishing as where those vices are the most predominant.
As to wearing apparel in particular, they will tell you, that pride,
which sticks much nearer to us than our clothes, is only lodged in
the heart, and that rags often conceal a greater portion of it than
the most pompous attire; and that as it cannot be denied but that
there have always been virtuous princes, who, with humble hearts, have
wore their splendid diadems, and swayed their envied sceptres, void of
ambition, for the good of others; so it is very probable, that silver
and gold brocades, and the richest embroideries may, without a thought
of pride, be wore by many whose quality and fortune are suitable to
them. May not (say they) a good man of extraordinary revenues, make
every year a greater variety of suits than it is possible he should
wear out, and yet have no other ends than to set the poor at work,
to encourage trade, and by employing many, to promote the welfare of
his country? And considering food and raiment to be necessaries, and
the two chief articles to which all our worldly cares are extended, why
may not all mankind set aside a considerable part of their income for
the one as well as the other, without the least tincture of pride? Nay,
is not every member of the society in a manner obliged, according to
his ability, to contribute toward the maintenance of that branch of
trade on which the whole has so great a dependence? Besides that,
to appear decently is a civility, and often a duty, which, without
any regard to ourselves, we owe to those we converse with.
These are the objections generally made use of by haughty moralists,
who cannot endure to hear the dignity of their species arraigned;
but if we look narrowly into them, they may soon be answered.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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