The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public BenefitsMandeville, Bernard
Philosophy
The Fable of the Bees; Or, Private Vices, Public Benefits
Mandeville, Bernard
Charity-schools -- Early works to 1800; Ethics -- Early works to 1800; Virtue -- Early works to 1800
To say that men not being so easily governed by their equals as by
their superiors, it is necessary, that to keep the multitude in awe,
those who rule over us should excel others in outward appearance,
and consequently, that all in high stations should have badges of
honour, and ensigns of power to be distinguished from the vulgar, is
a frivolous objection. This, in the first place, can only be of use to
poor princes, and weak and precarious governments, that being actually
unable to maintain the public peace, are obliged with a pageant show
to make up what they want in real power: so the governor of Batavia,
in the East Indies, is forced to keep up a grandeur, and live in a
magnificence above his quality, to strike a terror in the natives of
Java, who, if they had skill and conduct, are strong enough to destroy
ten times the number of their masters; but great princes and states
that keep large fleets at sea, and numerous armies in the field,
have no occasion for such stratagems; for what makes them formidable
abroad, will never fail to be their security at home. Secondly,
what must protect the lives and wealth of people from the attempts of
wicked men in all societies, is the severity of the laws, and diligent
administration of impartial justice. Theft, house-breaking, and murder,
are not to be prevented by the scarlet gowns of the aldermen, the gold
chains of the sheriffs, the fine trappings of their horses, or any
gaudy show whatever: Those pageant ornaments are beneficial another
way; they are eloquent lectures to apprentices, and the use of them
is to animate, not to deter: but men of abandoned principles must be
awed by rugged officers, strong prisons, watchful jailors, the hangman,
and the gallows. If London was to be one week destitute of constables
and watchmen to guard the houses a-nights, half the bankers would
be ruined in that time, and if my lord mayor had nothing to defend
himself but his great two handed sword, the huge cap of maintenance,
and his gilded mace, he would soon be stripped, in the very streets
to the city, of all his finery in his stately coach.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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