[43] See generally, Martha Hiden, _How Justice Grew: Virginia Counties: An Abstract of Their Formation_, (Williamsburg: Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration, 1957). Also, because time-honored tradition as well as law influenced the organization of Virginia counties, the description of English local government in J. B. Black, _The Reign of Elizabeth, 1558-1603_, (Oxford: Oxford University, 1936), pp. 174-177, applies to Virginia's county government in the colonial and early federal periods. [44] The first statute on this subject, in 1628, used the term "commissioners" (I Hening, _Statutes_, 133). In 1662, this term was replaced by "justices". P. A. Bruce, _Institutional History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century_, (New York: Putnam, 1910), I, 488. However, Porter, _County Government_, p. 170, states that "justice of the peace" was the full title during most of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. [45] Porter, _County Government_, p. 168. [46] In 1657, for example, the House of Burgesses enacted legislation requiring that appointments be recommended by the county court and approved by the Assembly. (I Hening, _Statutes_, 402, 480) But this requirement appears to have been repealed after the restoration of Charles II. [47] Porter, _County Government_, p. 49, cites the _Calendar of State Papers_, I, 261, listing the numbers of justices in nearby counties as follows: Fauquier, 18; Prince William, 18; Loudoun, 17. [48] Charles Sydnor, _American Revolutionaries In The Making_, (New York: Collier, 1962), p. 64. [49] Hening, _Statutes_, I, 117. [50] Hening, _Statutes_, I, 305. [51] Hening, _Statutes_, II, 28, 280. [52] Porter, _County Government_, p. 42. [53] _Ibid._, pp. 27-28. [54] Hening, _Statutes_, I, 330, 484. [55] These rules included prohibitions against extortion of excessive fees, acting as lawyers in their own courts, falsifying revenue returns, multiple job-holding and the like. See Hening, _Statutes_, I, 265, 297, 330, 333, 465, 523; II, 163, 291. Porter, _County Government_, 68, comments that "the office of sheriff, judging from the number of acts which the assembly found it necessary to pass, was the problem child of ... [the 18th century], not only in regard to the duties of the office, but also in the method of appointment." [56] Shepherd, _Laws of Virginia_, I, 367. [57] _Calendar of State Papers_, IV, 416. [58] Hening, _Statutes_, XI, 352. [59] Hening, _Statutes_, IV, 350. [60] Hening, _Statutes_, II, 419; IV, 350. [61] Hening, _Statutes_, IX, 351. [62] Hening, _Statutes_, XII, 243. [63] John Wayland, _History of Rockingham County, Virginia_, (Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins, 1912), pp. 424-425. [64] Porter, _County Government_, p. 109, citing _Calendar of State Papers_, IV, 170. [65] Sydnor, _American Revolutionaries_, pp. 77-78.