Robert Hunt, in his _Popular Romances of the West of England_, divided
the fairies of Cornish folk-lore into five classes: (1) the Small
People; (2) the Spriggans; (3) the Piskies; (4) the Buccas, Bockles, or
Knockers; (5) the Brownies. This is an incorrect classification. The
_Pobel Vean_ or Small People, the Spriggans, and the Piskies are not
really distinguishable from one another. Bucca, who properly is but one,
is a deity not a fairy, and it is said that at Newlyn, the great seat of
his worship, offerings of fish are still left on the beach for him. His
name is the Welsh _pwca_, which is probably 'Puck', though Shakespeare's
Puck was just a pisky, and it may be connected with the general
Slavonic word _Bog_, God; so that if, as some say, _buccaboo_ is really
meant for _Bucca-du_, Black Bucca, this may be an equivalent of
_Czernobog_, the Black God, who was the Ahriman of Slavonic dualism, and
_Bucca-widn_ (White Bucca), which is rarer, though the expression does
come into a St. Levan story, may be the corresponding _Bielobog_.
_Bockle_, which personally I have never heard used, suggests the
Scottish _bogle_, and both may be diminutives of _bucca_, _bog_,
_bogie_, or _bug_, the last in the sense in which one English version
translates the _timor nocturnus_ of Psalm XC. 5, not in that of _cimex
lectularius_. But _bockle_ and _brownie_ are probably both foreign
importations borrowed from books, though a 'brownie' _eo nomine_ has
been reported from Sennen within the last twenty years.
The Knockers or Knackers are mine-spirits, quite unconnected with Bucca
or bogles. The story, as I have always heard it, is that they are the
spirits of Jews who were sent by the Romans to work in the tin mines,
some say for being concerned in the Crucifixion of our Lord, which
sounds improbable. They are benevolent spirits, and warn miners of
danger.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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