Brittany have forms more slender and smaller in stature than those of
the living;[105] and herein we find one of the factors which supporters
of the Pygmy Theory would emphasize, but it is thoroughly psychical. Old
Breton farmers after death return to their farms, as though come from
Fairyland; and sometimes they even take a turn at the ploughing.[105] As
in Ireland, so in Brittany, the day belongs to the living, and the
night, when a mortal is safer indoors than out, to spirits and the
dead.[105] The Bretons take great care not to counterfeit the dead nor
to speak slightingly of them,[106] for, like fairies, they know all that
is done by mortals, and can hear all that is said about them, and can
take revenge. Just as in the case of all fairies and goblins, the dead
disappear at first cock-crow.[107] The world of the dead, like the land
of Faerie or the Otherworld, may be underground, in the air, in a hill
or mountain like a fairy palace, under a river or sea, and even on an
island out amid the ocean.[107] As other Celts do against evil spirits
and fairies, the Breton peasants use magic against evil souls of the
dead,[108] and the priests use exorcisms. The Breton realm of the dead
equally with the Irish Fairyland is an invisible world peopled by other
kinds of spirits besides disembodied mortals and fairies.[109] The dead
haunt houses just as Robin Good-fellows and brownies, or pixies and
goblins, generally do. The dead are fond of frequenting cross-roads, and
so are all sorts of fairies. In Brittany one must always guard against
the evil dead, in Cornwall against pixies, in other Celtic lands against
different kinds of fairies. In Ireland and Scotland there is the
banshee, in Wales the death-candle, in Brittany the _Ankou_ or king of
the dead, to foretell a death. And as the banshee wails before the
ancestral mansion, so the _Ankou_ sounds its doleful cry before the door
of the one it calls.[109] There seems not to be a family in the Carnac
region of the Morbihan without some tradition of a warning coming before
the death of one of its members. In Ireland only certain families have a
banshee, but in Brittany all families. Professor Le Braz has devoted a
large part of his work on _La Légende de la Mort_ to these Breton
death-warnings or _intersignes_. They may be shades of the dead under
many aspects--ghostly hands, or ghosts of inanimate objects. They may
come by the fall of objects without known cause; by a magpie resting on
a roof--just as in Ireland; by the crowing of cocks, and the howling of
dogs at night. They may be death-candles or torches, dreams, peculiar
bodily sensations, images in water, phantom funerals, and death-chariots
or death-coaches as in Wales.
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