Forty years since--Niagara in winter--Frozen spray--Ice foliage and ice apples--Ice moss--Frozen fog--Ice islands--Ice statues-- Sleigh-riding on the American Rapids--Boys coasting on them--Ice gorges 62 CHAPTER X. Judge Porter--General Porter--Goat Island--Origin of its name--Early dates found cut in the bark of trees and in the rock--Professor Kalm's wonderful story--Bridges to the Island--Method of construction--Red Jacket--Anecdotes--Grand Island--Major Noah and the New Jerusalem--The Stone Tower--The Biddle stairs--Sam Patch--Depth of water on the Horseshoe--Ships sent over the Falls 71 CHAPTER XI. Joel R. Robinson, the first and last navigator of the Rapids--Rescue of Chapin--Rescue of Allen--He takes the _Maid of the Mist_ through the Whirlpool--His companions--Effect upon Robinson--Biographical notice--His grave unmarked 85 CHAPTER XII. A fisherman and a bear in a canoe--Frightful experience with floating ice--Early farming on the Niagara--Fruit-growing--The original forest--Testimony of the trees--The first hotel--General Whitney-- Cataract House--Distinguished visitors--Carriage road down the Canadian bank--Ontario House--Clifton House--The Museum--Table and Termination Rocks--Burning Spring--Lundy's Lane--Battle Anecdotes 96 CHAPTER XIII. Incidents--Fall of Table Rock--Remarkable phenomenon in the river-- Driving and lumbering on the Rapids--Points of the compass at the Falls--A first view of the Falls commonly disappointing--Lunar bow--Golden spray--Gull Island and the gulls--The highest water ever known at the Falls--The Hermit of the Falls 108 CHAPTER XIV. Avery's descent of the Falls--The fatal practical joke--Death of Miss Rugg--Swans--Eagles--Crows--Ducks over the Falls--Why dogs have survived the descent 118 CHAPTER XV. Wedding tourists at the Falls--Bridges to the Moss Islands--Railway at the Ferry--List of persons who have been carried over the Falls-- Other accidents 125 CHAPTER XVI. The first Suspension Bridge--The Railway Suspension Bridge-- Extraordinary vibration given to the Railway Bridge by the fall of a mass of rock--De Veaux College--The Lewiston Suspension Bridge-- The Suspension Bridge at the Falls 137 CHAPTER XVII. Blondin and his "ascensions"--Visit of the Prince of Wales--Grand illumination of the Falls--The steamer _Caroline_--The Water-power of Niagara--Lord Dufferin and the plan of an international park 144 CHAPTER XVIII. Poetry in the Table Rock albums--Poems by Colonel Porter, Willis G. Clark, Lord Morpeth, José Maria Heredia, A. S. Ridgely, Mrs. Sigourney, and J. G. C. Brainard 153 PART IV. OTHER FAMOUS CATARACTS OF THE WORLD. CHAPTER XIX.