The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
[361] We would say _local group_, as we reserve the term
_family_ for an undivided group living in the closest
unity, and consisting of a man, his wife and his children.
[362] Howitt, _Nat. Tr._, p. 74.
[363] _Idem_, _Kam. and Kurn._, p. 215.
[364] _Ibid._
[365] Compare chapter on initiations in Howitt's _Nat.
Tr._, and _Kam. and Kurn._, _passim_.
[366] _Kam. and Kurn._, p. 232 footnote.
The statements of Howitt concerning the Murring tribes are not
quite clear. "Claims to a particular tract of country arose in
certain of these tribes by birth."[367] He does not say if these
claims consisted in actual right to live, roam and hunt over
the said tract of country. It is probable, however, that just
this is the meaning, as he speaks immediately afterwards of an
hereditary principle as to the grounds determining the habitation
where one lives--a father pointing out the bounds of his child's
country--"where his father lived, or himself was born and had
lived."[368] If we can assume that each "family" (= local group)
had its hunting-grounds so designated this would point to a
far-going subdivision of country and consequently of the tribe; we
can hardly infer anything conclusive from this statement alone.
But it appears clearer in the light of the following remark: "The
local group has in all cases been perpetuated in the same place
from father to son by occupation, I may almost say by inheritance,
of the hunting-grounds."[369] It seems, therefore, that generally
in the tribes studied by Howitt, the local group (he calls it the
"family," speaking of the Kurnai) was a very well-defined unit. And
that, in the tribes in question the people who inherit a certain
territory from father to son are just members of the local group.
Its rights to the hunting-grounds were based on some--perhaps magic
or religious--ideas of heredity.
[367] _Nat. Tr._, p. 82.
[368] _Nat. Tr._, p. 83.
[369] Howitt, _Smith. Rep._ 83, p. 816.
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