The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
An analogous state of things is reported to have obtained among
the Wurunjerri (Victoria): "The right to hunt and to procure food
in any particular tract of the country belonged to the group of
people born there, and could not be infringed by others without
permission."[370] In the territory of the same tribe there was
a stone-quarry, the material of which was very valuable to
the natives. The quarry was the property of a group of people
living on the spot; the head of this group had special rights in
connection with it. "It was Billi-billeri, the head of the family,
whose country included the quarry, who lived on it, and took
care of it for the whole of the Wurunjerri community."[371] This
statement appears to me very important, as it shows how rights of
possession might belong to a local group and centre in the headman
of this group. This statement suffices to reconcile the apparent
contradiction between individual claims to a country and group
claims.
[370] Howitt, _Nat. Tr._, p. 311.
[371] _Ibid._
The local groups amongst the Bangerang, who lived at the junction
of the Murray and Goulburn Rivers, seem to have been more numerous,
owing, perhaps, to the easiness of food supply on the banks of
two fishy rivers.[372] The tribe was divided in two exogamous
moieties,[373] and the land "was parcelled out between these two
sub-tribes."[374] Each respectively lived in a body, although
moving sometimes from place to place. Curr speaks of their
head-quarters in places abounding with fish.[375] One of the
sections numbered about 150, the other somewhat less. These two
"sub-tribes" or moieties constituted, therefore, rather numerous
local groups. The "sub-tribes" of the kindred tribes mentioned
by Curr seem also to have been numerous,[376] and to have lived
each in a body,[377] so that they would be, according to our
terminology, numerous local groups. Curr speaks also of individual
property in land, but this seems to have had only a purely
fictitious meaning, having nothing to do with any real right.[378]
Private property in other things (_e. g._ fishing weirs, etc.) was
known.[379]
[372] Curr, _Recollections_, pp. 231, 240.
[373] Local exogamous moieties, not phratries!
[374] Curr, _Recollections_, p. 243.
[375] _Ibid._, p. 231.
[376] _Ibid._, p. 234.
[377] It is never said clearly; but compare the story told
in XIII, of the meeting of two tribes, and _passim_ through
the work, p. 174 and others.
[378] _Ibid._, pp. 243, 244.
[379] _Ibid._, p. 243.
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