The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
Out of the thirty-nine statements collected, thirty-one describe a
certain group or family as owning a definite tract of country in
common; this group is, by definition, what we called above the local
group. But there are some complications as to its rights of possession
over the given area. On the one hand there is some kind of "over-right"
of the tribe over the district inhabited by all the local groups
of which it is composed.[450] On the other hand there is a further
complication arising from the alleged individual claims to landed
property. As to the tribal over-right, it presents itself chiefly in
the fact that, first, tribesmen (members of related and friendly local
groups) are often invited and allowed on the territory of the local
group; secondly, in cases of trespass, while strangers are punished
severely (often by death), tribesmen are only considered slightly
culpable. The tribe may probably sometimes congregate as a whole on a
part of its grounds with the consent of the local group concerned. We
must imagine the local groups of the same tribe as living in amicable
relations and voluntarily exercising hospitality towards each other,
especially in cases when food is plentiful on their territory.[451]
But as a general rule the whole tribe neither uses its whole district,
nor has a local group, forming a division of the tribe, the right to
use any but its own territory without asking permission. The tribal
over-right seems therefore of little importance.
[450] Compare G. C. Wheeler, _loc. cit._, pp. 62-67. In
the above statements I did not include explicitly all the
contexts referring to this point, as it lies outside our
proper field of investigation. It may be found, more or
less explicitly, in some of them (J. D. Lang, _e. g._).
I mentioned it here only to give a fuller account of all
aspects under which possession of land presents itself in
Australia.
[451] Compare Wheeler, _loc. cit._, where this question is
thoroughly discussed, and also Curr, pp. 244 _sqq._, Roth,
Bull. 8, p. 9; Salvado, p. 265; Grey, ii. p. 272; Browne,
_loc. cit._, p. 445; G. S. Lang, p. 5.
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