The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
Bishop Salvado, who speaks also of the great jealousy of the
males and the fidelity exacted from the females,[508] gives us
the following account of their mode of camping: "Lorsqu' une
famille se dispose à dormir, les garçons qui ont passé l'âge de
sept ans dorment seuls, autour du feu commun, les plus petits
avec le père, et les enfants à la mamelle, aussi bien que les
filles, quel que soit leur âge, avec la mère. Les femmes
jouissent du droit d'ancienneté, la première dort plus près du
mari, ainsi de suite."[509] Another passage[510] testifies also
that they roam in single families; the reason alleged is easier
food supply.
[508] _Loc. cit._, p. 279.
[509] _Loc. cit._, p. 280.
[510] Salvado, _loc. cit._, p. 317.
We read in Browne that one hut holds only two or three persons.[511]
[511] _Loc. cit._, p. 448.
The general inference to be drawn from these twenty-four statements is,
roughly speaking, that the general features of native camp arrangements
were orderliness, fixed rules, isolation of families, settled and
restricted social contact, and by no means social communism and
unregulated social promiscuity.
Five instances give strict rules which obtain in arranging camps. These
were probably much more widespread than might be supposed from these
few instances. But, as mentioned above, these camp rules would probably
fall into abeyance at once when the natives came in contact with
civilization. It was only by attentive inquiries that Howitt extracted
them from the natives. Besides these we read in fifteen statements
that each family camped separately. So that twenty of twenty-four
statements assert that there was in this respect complete isolation
of the families. Sexual motives played undoubtedly an important part
in this isolation. We are told so expressly in several places (Curr,
Grey, Salvado, J. D. Lang). In the case of even friendly strangers
a certain amount of mistrust--of evil magic as well as of actual
bad intentions--may have operated. There are indications of it in
statements of Br. Smyth and Grey. But in the detailed examples given by
Howitt, where all the camping families are closely related and usually
consist of more than one generation (father and sons, etc.), we can
hardly conceive that either of the above-mentioned motives would come
into play. At any rate this regulated camp order shows how important
this question was in the native social life and how strong the idea
must have been that each family had its own place apart from the
others, and the more remotely related people were, the less intimate
contact would be.
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